加密历史
2021: Taproot changes Bitcoin's spending paths
A key spend can keep unused script conditions out of the visible transaction history.
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The spending model
Taproot combines a key-based spending path with the ability to commit to additional script paths. BIP341 specifies how the output commits to those alternatives and how a spender reveals the path used. Unused script branches do not all have to be published when one path is exercised.
This can make some complex arrangements look like ordinary key spends when the participants cooperate. It also changes what an observer can infer from the visible spend. A transaction's compact appearance does not disclose every condition that could have been used instead.
Privacy has boundaries
Taproot does not hide transferred amounts, make every address unlinkable or anonymise a user who sends through an identified exchange account. Its privacy and efficiency benefits concern particular transaction structures and spending paths.
The historical importance is an improvement in how Bitcoin expresses and reveals spending conditions. UTXOs supply the accounting model; multisignature control explains the organisational question of who can authorise a spend. Neither a new address format nor an advanced script removes the need to preserve recovery material and understand who controls it.