加密历史
Hashcash: proof of work before Bitcoin
A computational postage stamp for internet abuse became one ingredient in a different system: public transaction ordering.
研究 · 历史 · 参考
加密货币历史
从比特币之前的构想到可编程网络、市场周期与危机。按时代或年份阅读。
不仅关注日期，也理解机制。这些阅读路径将技术里程碑与相关机构、激励和失败联系起来。时间线逐一列明事件与来源。
完整时间线 · 123 ↗1991–2008
比特币之前
这一时代的事件 ↗
加密历史
b-money: shared balances before the blockchain
Wei Dai’s 1998 proposal explored pseudonymous accounts, distributed bookkeeping and contract enforcement before Bitcoin.
加密历史
RPOW: reusable tokens and the hardware trust boundary
Hal Finney’s 2004 experiment made proof-of-work tokens reusable through an attested server, with a different trust model from Bitcoin.
2009–2014
比特币与早期基础设施
这一时代的事件 ↗
加密历史
Bitcoin’s genesis block: what the record establishes
The first block provides an inspectable starting point. Its timestamp, embedded text and special reward behaviour answer different questions.
加密历史
2008–2009: Bitcoin and the problem of double spending
The original design addressed payment history without a central operator, not every form of financial deception.
加密历史
Mt. Gox: the long tail of a custody failure
From the 2014 exchange collapse to civil rehabilitation and repayments: custody, creditor claims and the dates behind the headlines.
2015–2017
可编程网络与代币发行
这一时代的事件 ↗
加密历史
2015: Ethereum makes shared computation a public service
Frontier expanded the blockchain model from a payment history into a platform for programmes and persistent state.
加密历史
The DAO: code, governance and the 2016 split
The application incident and the community's response became separate parts of Ethereum history.
加密历史
The ICO era: selling access to a future product
Fundraising, token rights and paid distribution became tightly connected.
2018–2021
DeFi、NFT 与市场扩张
这一时代的事件 ↗
加密历史
2018: Uniswap makes pooled liquidity a trading venue
Automated market makers changed who could create a market and where execution costs appeared.
加密历史
2020: liquidity mining turns usage into a token reward
Compound's distribution helped popularise an incentive model that made activity and sustainable demand harder to separate.
加密历史
2021: the NFT boom connects provenance, art and speculation
Beeple's auction showed the reach of tokenised ownership, while the token standard left many rights outside the contract.
2022–2026
危机、升级与新参与渠道
这一时代的事件 ↗加密历史
Terra and UST: the peg, the collapse and the fraud cases
The redemption mechanism explains the feedback loop; the court records explain the misleading claims surrounding it.
加密历史
FTX and Alameda: customer money, privileged accounts and the bankruptcy
How the exchange funded its affiliated trading firm, why the risk engine did not protect customers and what later recovery percentages actually measured.
加密历史
2022: Ethereum replaces mining with proof of stake
The Merge changed block production while preserving application state and the existing ETH asset.
加密历史
2024: Dencun gives rollups a separate data market
Blob transactions reduced one component of rollup costs without turning every layer 2 into the same security model.
加密历史
2024: US spot Bitcoin ETPs change the access route
Exchange-traded exposure brought a familiar securities wrapper around an asset still held through a custody chain.