MASTR CRYPTO WIKI
按时间排列的事件、升级和案件。每条记录均链接至文章及其来源。日期指所列事件，不代表所有相关争议的起点。
研究文章和参考条目以英语发布。导航提供七种语言。
没有匹配的条目。
Foundations
David Chaum’s blind-signature work separates issuer authorisation from visibility of the unblinded payment token. This is a research contribution, not a decentralised currency launch.
Before Bitcoin: privacy, digital cash and the missing agreementPrimary source ↗
基础
Haber and Stornetta describe techniques for time-stamping digital documents, an important precursor to later chained records.
相关阅读：The historical references are a reading routeBitcoin white paper · references
Foundations
Eric Hughes connects privacy, cryptography and building practical systems. The manifesto is a statement of aims, not a blockchain specification.
Before Bitcoin: privacy, digital cash and the missing agreementPrimary source ↗
基础
Adam Back proposes Hashcash, a proof-of-work system later referenced in Bitcoin's design.
相关阅读：The historical references are a reading routeBitcoin white paper · references
基础
Wei Dai describes an electronic cash proposal using a distributed database and pseudonymous participants.
相关阅读：The historical references are a reading routeBitcoin white paper · references
基础
Hal Finney develops RPOW, combining proof-of-work tokens with a trusted execution component.
Foundations
Nick Szabo describes a design combining proof of work, timestamps and ownership records. Publication of a proposal is different from a production network launch.
Before Bitcoin: privacy, digital cash and the missing agreementPrimary source ↗
基础
Satoshi Nakamoto describes peer-to-peer electronic cash and a proof-of-work solution to double spending.
相关阅读：Reading the Bitcoin white paper: what each part actually solvesBitcoin white paper · original PDF
基础
Bitcoin's first block marks the beginning of its chain history.
相关阅读：2008–2009: Bitcoin and the problem of double spendingBitcoin developer guide: block chain and consensus
Bitcoin
Satoshi Nakamoto sends bitcoin to Hal Finney in an early network transaction.
相关阅读：2008–2009: Bitcoin and the problem of double spendingBitcoin developer documentation
Bitcoin
A forum-arranged purchase exchanges 10,000 BTC for 2 pizzas, becoming an early price and payment milestone.
相关阅读：Bitcoin: settlement, mining and custodyRelated article and source record
托管
An account compromise and abnormal trading expose how a centralised venue can fail independently of Bitcoin.
相关阅读：Mt. Gox: the long tail of a custody failureRelated article and source record
网络
Litecoin adapts Bitcoin's design with different hashing and timing parameters.
Bitcoin
The specification records this assignment date for deriving a hierarchy of keys from a seed. Public-key derivation and private spending authority have different exposure risks.
Smart accounts: recovery, delegation and the new control mapPrimary source ↗
企业
Coinbase begins as a hosted service for buying and holding bitcoin, part of the expansion of custodial access.
相关阅读：Custody: what you control and what you depend onRelated article and source record
协议
The block subsidy falls from 50 to 25 BTC at height 210,000.
相关阅读：Bitcoin halvings: a programmed subsidy reductionBitcoin Core: subsidy and block validation implementation
网络
The XRP Ledger's early history develops around validators and issued assets rather than proof-of-work mining.
相关阅读：XRP Ledger: validators, XRP and issued assetsRelated article and source record
Bitcoin
The specification records this assignment date for converting entropy into a mnemonic and deriving a seed. A readable backup phrase remains security-critical key material.
Smart accounts: recovery, delegation and the new control mapPrimary source ↗
文化
Dogecoin turns an internet meme into a proof-of-work cryptocurrency and later a major speculation culture.
网络
Ethereum's programmable blockchain design is introduced before the 2015 Frontier launch.
相关阅读：2015: Ethereum makes shared computation a public serviceEthereum Foundation: Frontier launch, 30 July 2015
托管
The exchange's collapse leaves customers facing a lengthy insolvency and rehabilitation process.
相关阅读：Mt. Gox: the long tail of a custody failureMt. Gox trustee: official rehabilitation notices
监管
New York proposes a licensing framework for virtual currency businesses, starting a major US state regulatory model.
相关阅读：Checking a crypto-provider authorisationRelated article and source record
Stablecoins
Realcoin, later renamed Tether, introduces a dollar-linked token model whose reserve representations later draw enforcement scrutiny.
相关阅读：2021: Tether's reserve representations face an enforcement findingCFTC: Tether and Bitfinex orders, 15 October 2021
Stablecoins
Maker's development leads toward overcollateralised DAI and onchain liquidation mechanics.
相关阅读：Overcollateralised debt positionsUniswap protocol concepts
协议
Ethereum's first live release introduces its programmable execution environment.
相关阅读：2015: Ethereum makes shared computation a public serviceEthereum Foundation: Frontier launch, 30 July 2015
Ethereum
The proposal’s creation date marks work on common balance, transfer and allowance interfaces. Compatibility does not prove fair issuance, sound economics or a safe implementation.
Programmable money: why token standards changed the industryPrimary source ↗
安全
The incident leads to competing proposals for handling the affected funds.
相关阅读：The DAO: code, governance and the 2016 splitSEC: The DAO investigative report, 25 July 2017相关阅读：The DAO exploit and Ethereum fork
协议
The subsidy falls from 25 to 12.5 BTC at height 420,000.
相关阅读：Bitcoin halvings: a programmed subsidy reductionBitcoin Core: subsidy and block validation implementation
协议
Ethereum's fork changes state following The DAO incident; the original chain continues separately.
相关阅读：The DAO: code, governance and the 2016 splitEthereum: network history and forks
安全
The theft becomes the underlying offence in a later US money-laundering prosecution.
相关阅读：2016–2024: the Bitfinex theft, laundering and later sentencingUS DOJ: Bitfinex laundering sentence, 14 November 2024
隐私
Zcash launches with shielded transaction technology alongside transparent transaction modes.
市场
Token sales expand rapidly, often financing future products before usable networks exist.
相关阅读：The ICO era: selling access to a future productRelated article and source record
执法行动
The report examines when token offerings fall within securities law.
相关阅读：The ICO era: selling access to a future productSEC: The DAO investigative report, 25 July 2017
协议
Witness commitments and new transaction-weight rules change Bitcoin transaction accounting.
相关阅读：2017: SegWit changes Bitcoin transaction accountingBitcoin BIP141: Segregated Witness
监管
Chinese authorities announce restrictions that reshape exchange access and mining geography over later years.
相关阅读：Checking a crypto-provider authorisationRelated article and source record
应用
A popular NFT application demonstrates how 1 application can consume meaningful shared-chain capacity.
相关阅读：Gas limits and execution costEthereum.org: gas and fees
托管
The Japanese exchange reports a large theft from its custody environment.
相关阅读：Coincheck NEM theftRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
Ethereum
The proposal formalises ownership and transfer of non-fungible tokens. It does not by itself guarantee media persistence, creator identity or a particular licence.
NFTs after the boom: the token, the artwork and the permissionPrimary source ↗
诈骗
BitConnect's lending programme ends amid regulatory action and later criminal allegations.
相关阅读：BitConnect lending programmeUS DOJ: BitConnect founder indictment, 25 February 2022
推广
US authorities pursue conduct around the Centra ICO, including later promoter settlements.
相关阅读：Mayweather and Khaled ICO promotionsSEC: Floyd Mayweather and DJ Khaled settlements, 29 November 2018
协议
Lightning Labs announces its beta, an early deployment milestone for payment channels.
相关阅读：2018: Lightning reaches a mainnet betaLightning Labs: first lnd mainnet beta, 15 March 2018
Security
The public notice explains a denial-of-service vulnerability and its inflation implications. Fixed releases preceded this disclosure; a software bug must be distinguished from an intended monetary rule.
Bitcoin’s early lesson: money rules need independent verificationPrimary source ↗
市场
An automated exchange built around liquidity pools goes live on Ethereum.
相关阅读：2018: Uniswap makes pooled liquidity a trading venueUniswap Labs: protocol history
执法行动
SEC orders address undisclosed payments for promoting ICO investments.
相关阅读：Floyd Mayweather, DJ Khaled and ICO promotionSEC: Floyd Mayweather and DJ Khaled settlements, 29 November 2018
托管
Cryptopia reports a security breach before entering liquidation later in 2019.
相关阅读：Cryptopia exchange liquidationGrant Thornton New Zealand: Cryptopia updates
托管
QuadrigaCX enters court proceedings while customer asset access and records remain unresolved.
相关阅读：QuadrigaCX and the missing custody recordOntario Securities Commission: QuadrigaCX report
网络
The proposed global stablecoin project triggers policy resistance and is later reworked and abandoned.
诈骗
PlusToken users lose access as authorities and analysts trace a large recruitment-driven crypto scheme.
相关阅读：PlusToken investment schemeFBI IC3: cryptocurrency fraud and reporting
网络
Solana's mainnet beta starts, establishing its account and programme execution model.
相关阅读：Solana: wallets, token accounts and authoritySolana documentation: accounts
协议
The subsidy falls from 12.5 to 6.25 BTC at height 630,000.
相关阅读：Bitcoin halvings: a programmed subsidy reductionBitcoin Core: subsidy and block validation implementation
市场
Compound's governance-token incentives help accelerate liquidity-mining activity.
相关阅读：2020: liquidity mining turns usage into a token rewardCoinDesk: COMP distribution and governance changes, 30 June 2020
诈骗
US criminal proceedings expose claims of mining and trading returns unsupported by the real money flow.
相关阅读：AirBit ClubDOJ: National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team archive
市场
Liquidity incentives move assets from Uniswap into SushiSwap and show how token rewards can redirect protocol usage.
相关阅读：2020: liquidity mining turns usage into a token rewardUniswap protocol concepts
协议
Proof-of-stake consensus begins operating before its later merger with Ethereum execution.
相关阅读：2022: Ethereum replaces mining with proof of stakeEthereum: network history and forks
文化
NFT trading and profile-picture collections turn token ownership into a mass-market identity and speculation product.
相关阅读：2021: the NFT boom connects provenance, art and speculationERC-721: non-fungible token interface
市场
Christie's sale becomes a prominent milestone in the NFT market's expansion.
相关阅读：2021: the NFT boom connects provenance, art and speculationChristie's: Beeple auction history
企业
A major US crypto exchange lists shares on Nasdaq, marking deeper contact with public equity markets.
相关阅读：Custody: what you control and what you depend onRelated article and source record
市场
Dogecoin and newer tokens demonstrate how social distribution can overwhelm conventional valuation narratives.
相关阅读：Manufactured social proofRelated article and source record
安全
A privileged cross-chain path is exploited; much of the transferred value is later returned.
相关阅读：Poly Network cross-chain exploitRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
协议
EIP-1559 introduces a burned base fee and new transaction fee settings.
相关阅读：2021: EIP-1559 changes Ethereum fees and introduces base-fee burningEthereum: network history and forks
Ethereum
The proposal’s creation date precedes later deployments and revisions. User operations, bundlers and an entry-point contract move account features into programmable validation.
Smart accounts: recovery, delegation and the new control mapPrimary source ↗
Ethereum
The proposed authentication format binds a message to a service context and nonce. Signing in with a key is distinct from authorising a token transfer.
Names and sign-in: readable identity without assuming trustPrimary source ↗
执法行动
The orders address historical reserve representations and retail commodity transactions.
相关阅读：2021: Tether's reserve representations face an enforcement findingCFTC: Tether and Bitfinex orders, 15 October 2021
协议
Bitcoin adds Schnorr signatures and Taproot spending rules at height 709,632.
相关阅读：2021: Taproot changes Bitcoin's spending pathsBitcoin BIP341: Taproot
安全
Users approve hostile transactions delivered through compromised web infrastructure.
相关阅读：BadgerDAO frontend compromiseRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
安全
A verification failure allows unbacked wrapped ETH to be minted on Solana.
相关阅读：Wormhole message-verification failureRekt: Wormhole incident analysis
执法行动
BlockFi agrees to $100 million in combined SEC and state penalties.
相关阅读：2022: BlockFi and the regulation of crypto interest accountsSEC: BlockFi lending-product settlement, 14 February 2022
执法行动
US prosecutors allege a global investment-fraud scheme; an indictment is an allegation.
相关阅读：BitConnect: promised returns and the supposed trading botUS DOJ: BitConnect founder indictment, 25 February 2022
安全
A bridge compromise is later attributed by the FBI to North Korean actors.
相关阅读：Ronin: bridge theft and attributionFBI: attribution of the 2022 Ronin theft
治理
Borrowed voting power is used to approve treasury-draining execution in 1 transaction.
相关阅读：Beanstalk governance takeoverRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
市场
Terra's redemption mechanism and market confidence break down.
相关阅读：Terra and UST: the peg, the collapse and the fraud casesSEC: Terraform / Kwon civil fraud verdict and settlement, 13 June 2024
信贷
Leveraged fund exposures spread losses into lenders and customer-facing platforms.
相关阅读：Three Arrows Capital collapseRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
安全
Compromised validator control enables unauthorised bridge withdrawals.
相关阅读：Harmony Horizon bridgeRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
托管
Customers lose access to assets before the lender enters bankruptcy.
相关阅读：2022–2025: Celsius, promised yield and CEL price supportUS DOJ: Mashinsky sentencing, 8 May 2025
信贷
Voyager's customer product fails after counterparty lending exposure becomes uncollectable.
相关阅读：Voyager Digital collapseFTC: Voyager Digital settlement and Stephen Ehrlich suit
托管
The filing follows its withdrawal freeze.
相关阅读：2022–2025: Celsius, promised yield and CEL price supportUS DOJ: Mashinsky sentencing, 8 May 2025
安全
A trusted-root error makes a withdrawal pattern reproducible by many addresses.
相关阅读：Nomad trusted-root failureRekt: Nomad incident analysis
协议
Ethereum's execution layer moves to Beacon Chain proof-of-stake consensus.
相关阅读：2022: Ethereum replaces mining with proof of stakeEthereum Foundation: mainnet Merge announcement
市场
Trades increase collateral value before assets are borrowed from the platform.
相关阅读：Mango Markets oracle manipulationCFTC: digital-asset derivatives enforcement record
执法行动
The SEC addresses an undisclosed $250,000 payment for an EthereumMax promotion.
相关阅读：Kim Kardashian and EthereumMaxSEC: Kim Kardashian EthereumMax settlement, 3 October 2022
托管
Withdrawal pressure reveals a customer-asset shortfall and intertwined exposure to Alameda.
相关阅读：FTX and Alameda: customer money, privileged accounts and the bankruptcyUS DOJ: Samuel Bankman-Fried sentencing, 28 March 2024
托管
Gemini Earn customers are affected by their lending exposure to Genesis.
相关阅读：2021–2023: Gemini Earn connects a retail interface to Genesis credit riskSEC: Genesis and Gemini Earn complaint, 12 January 2023
托管
The collapse reveals privileged affiliate access and a customer-asset shortfall.
相关阅读：FTX：Alameda 账户享有的特殊权限SEC: FTX investor-fraud complaint, 13 December 2022
诈骗
US cases describe mining and trading claims used to support a Ponzi scheme.
相关阅读：IcomTechDOJ: National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team archive
执法行动
The complaint describes alleged customer-fund diversion and special treatment for Alameda.
相关阅读：FTX：Alameda 账户享有的特殊权限SEC: FTX investor-fraud complaint, 13 December 2022
执法行动
The complaint concerns the offer and sale of the Gemini Earn lending product.
相关阅读：2021–2023: Gemini Earn connects a retail interface to Genesis credit riskSEC: Genesis and Gemini Earn complaint, 12 January 2023
诈骗
US authorities pursue founders of the smart-contract recruitment scheme.
相关阅读：Forsage smart-contract pyramidSEC: charges concerning Forsage, 1 August 2022
市场
Disclosure of reserve cash at Silicon Valley Bank prompts concern about access to backing.
相关阅读：2023: USDC's peg encounters a banking failureCircle: reserve access and the March 2023 depeg
推广
The SEC files its complaint and announces settlements with several promoters.
相关阅读：TRX and BTT celebrity promotion casesSEC: TRX / BTT allegations and celebrity settlements, 22 March 2023
安全
A lending-accounting path is exploited using atomic liquidity and complex position changes.
相关阅读：Euler donation-to-reserves exploitRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
政策
The announcement covers depositors at Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank.
相关阅读：2023: USDC's peg encounters a banking failureTreasury, Federal Reserve and FDIC: joint statement, 12 March 2023
执法行动
The SEC announces charges and celebrity settlements concerning promotion and other alleged conduct.
相关阅读：TRX and BTT: the 2023 celebrity-promotion casesSEC: TRX / BTT allegations and celebrity settlements, 22 March 2023
协议
Ethereum enables validator withdrawals, subject to its withdrawal rules.
相关阅读：2023: Shapella enables staking withdrawalsEthereum Foundation: Shapella announcement
安全
Specific pools using vulnerable Vyper versions suffer reentrancy-related losses.
相关阅读：Curve Vyper reentrancy incidentRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
跨链桥
Large movements and operational silence create uncertainty about control of bridge assets.
相关阅读：Multichain bridge collapseRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
执法行动
Karl Sebastian Greenwood receives a 20-year prison sentence.
相关阅读：OneCoin: a cryptocurrency story without the promised systemUS DOJ: OneCoin co-founder Greenwood sentenced, 12 September 2023
信贷
The FTC permanently bans Voyager from handling consumer assets and sues former CEO Stephen Ehrlich.
相关阅读：Voyager Digital collapseFTC: Voyager Digital settlement and Stephen Ehrlich suit
安全
Complex concentrated-liquidity accounting is manipulated across affected pools.
相关阅读：KyberSwap concentrated-liquidity exploitRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
Tokens
US criminal and civil actions challenge claims concerning liquidity and its control.
相关阅读：SafeMoon: the liquidity claim, conviction and 2026 sentenceReuters: SafeMoon executives charged, 1 November 2023
执法行动
The resolutions establish specified compliance offences, not every allegation ever made about the exchange.
相关阅读：Binance and CZ: what the 2023 guilty pleas establishedUS DOJ: Binance and Zhao guilty pleas, 21 November 2023
诈骗
US authorities allege a large recruitment-driven investment scheme operating under several names.
相关阅读：HyperFund and HyperVerseDOJ: National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team archive
政策
The SEC approves exchange rule changes permitting the products' listing and trading.
相关阅读：2024: US spot Bitcoin ETPs change the access routeSEC: spot Bitcoin ETP approval statement, 10 January 2024
协议
Ethereum introduces blobs and a separate data fee market through EIP-4844.
相关阅读：2024: Dencun gives rollups a separate data marketEthereum Foundation: Dencun announcement
执法行动
A US court imposes a 25-year prison sentence following his fraud conviction.
相关阅读：FTX and Alameda: customer money, privileged accounts and the bankruptcyUS DOJ: Samuel Bankman-Fried sentencing, 28 March 2024
Bitcoin
A fungible-token protocol begins at Bitcoin block 840,000, increasing competition for block space.
相关阅读：Gas limits and execution costEthereum.org: gas and fees
协议
The subsidy falls from 6.25 to 3.125 BTC at height 840,000.
相关阅读：Bitcoin halvings: a programmed subsidy reductionBitcoin.org: halving dates and subsidy schedule
执法行动
The SEC announces a settlement following the civil fraud verdict.
相关阅读：Terra and UST: the peg, the collapse and the fraud casesSEC: Terraform / Kwon civil fraud verdict and settlement, 13 June 2024
政策
Parts of the EU Markets in Crypto-Assets regime begin applying to asset-referenced and electronic-money tokens.
相关阅读：Checking a crypto-provider authorisationRelated article and source record
托管
The announced plan distinguishes allowed dollar claims from the return of the original coins.
相关阅读：FTX bankruptcy-claim valuationFTX estate: confirmed reorganisation plan, 7 October 2024
执法行动
Ilya Lichtenstein receives five years for the money-laundering conspiracy.
相关阅读：2016–2024: the Bitfinex theft, laundering and later sentencingUS DOJ: Bitfinex laundering sentence, 14 November 2024
政策
The wider EU crypto-asset service-provider framework begins applying, subject to transitional rules.
相关阅读：Checking a crypto-provider authorisationRelated article and source record
The official attribution follows a fake coding test through session impersonation to a manipulated transaction request.
相关阅读：DMM Bitcoin, 2024: a recruitment lure reached a custody workflowFBI, DC3 and Japan NPA attribution, 23 December 2024
执法行动
A US court sentences the exchange after its Bank Secrecy Act guilty plea.
相关阅读：BitMEX Bank Secrecy Act caseDOJ: BitMEX fined for Bank Secrecy Act violation
安全
The FBI attributes a major exchange theft to North Korean TraderTraitor actors.
相关阅读：Bybit February 2025 theftFBI: Bybit theft attribution, 26 February 2025
安全
A major digital-asset theft is attributed by the FBI to North Korea days later.
相关阅读：2025: the Bybit theft and the limits of a transaction signatureFBI: Bybit theft attribution, 26 February 2025
The sanctions designation, its removal and cases against individuals are separate legal events.
相关阅读：Tornado Cash: the 2025 delisting belongs in the history tooUS Treasury delisting, 21 March 2025
执法行动
The Celsius founder receives a 12-year US prison sentence after his guilty plea.
相关阅读：Celsius CEL market supportUS DOJ: Mashinsky sentencing, 8 May 2025
Ethereum
Ethereum activates changes including account and validator features after testing and coordination.
执法行动
Alex Mashinsky receives 12 years after pleading guilty to fraud offences.
相关阅读：2022–2025: Celsius, promised yield and CEL price supportUS DOJ: Mashinsky sentencing, 8 May 2025
执法行动
Kwon pleads guilty in the US criminal case arising from representations around Terra.
相关阅读：Terra and UST: the peg, the collapse and the fraud casesSEC: Terraform / Kwon civil fraud verdict and settlement, 13 June 2024
执法行动
A US court imposes a 15-year sentence.
相关阅读：Terra and UST: the peg, the collapse and the fraud casesSEC: Terraform / Kwon civil fraud verdict and settlement, 13 June 2024
执法行动
Kwon receives 15 years after his August guilty plea in the US criminal case.
相关阅读：Terra and UST: the peg, the collapse and the fraud casesUS DOJ: Do Kwon sentencing, 11 December 2025
政策
The SEC and Gemini agree to dismiss the Earn case after full in-kind customer recovery through Genesis bankruptcy.
相关阅读：Genesis and Gemini Earn structureSEC: Genesis and Gemini Earn complaint, 12 January 2023
The legal record concerns access to supposedly locked liquidity and diversion of investor assets.
相关阅读：SafeMoon: the liquidity claim, conviction and 2026 sentenceUS DOJ sentence announcement, 10 February 2026
Research infrastructure
The paper analyses selected token activity before and after migration. Its cohort and measurement rules define the scope; the findings are not a census of every launch.
The launch economy: bots, bundles and the meaning of a holder countPrimary source ↗
诈骗数据
The FBI publishes loss data showing the continuing scale of investment and impersonation fraud.
相关阅读：Relationship investment fraudFBI IC3: cryptocurrency fraud and reporting
The compensation announcement describes recovered assets and a claims process, not a reversal of the original losses.
相关阅读：OneCoin, 2026: asset recovery is not the same as repaying every victimFBI claims notice, 25 June 2026
Research infrastructure
Demystifying Solana Trading Bots examines public bot repositories and traced transactions. Its sample provides evidence about observed behaviour without completely revealing private infrastructure.
The launch economy: bots, bundles and the meaning of a holder countPrimary source ↗
MASTR 研究
MASTR publishes direct observations about incentives, representatives and exchange-linked flows on X.
相关阅读：MASTR on X: incentives, influence and exchange flowsRelated article and source record
MASTR 研究
Saved workbooks reconcile launch inventory, claim wallets and completed sales rather than relying on screenshots.
相关阅读：LAPTOP: pre-launch inventory and $2.34 million in sale receiptsRelated article and source record
MASTR 研究
MASTR's saved records reconcile launch inventory, claims and completed sales.
相关阅读：LAPTOP: pre-launch inventory and $2.34 million in sale receiptsMASTR: LAPTOP independent onchain reconstruction, 9 September 2026