基础
Cryptographic timestamp chains
Haber and Stornetta describe techniques for time-stamping digital documents, an important precursor to later chained records.
MASTR
支持这项工作
MASTR CRYPTO WIKI
时间线
按时间排列的事件、升级和案件。每条记录均链接至文章及其来源。日期指所列事件，不代表所有相关争议的起点。
研究文章和参考条目以英语发布。导航提供七种语言。
没有匹配的条目。
1991
1997
基础
Hashcash proposal
Adam Back proposes Hashcash, a proof-of-work system later referenced in Bitcoin's design.
1998
基础
b-money proposal
Wei Dai describes an electronic cash proposal using a distributed database and pseudonymous participants.
2004
基础
Reusable proof of work
Hal Finney develops RPOW, combining proof-of-work tokens with a trusted execution component.
2008
基础
Bitcoin white paper
Satoshi Nakamoto describes peer-to-peer electronic cash and a proof-of-work solution to double spending.
2009
基础
Bitcoin genesis block
Bitcoin's first block marks the beginning of its chain history.
Bitcoin
First recorded Bitcoin transfer
Satoshi Nakamoto sends bitcoin to Hal Finney in an early network transaction.
2010
Bitcoin
Bitcoin Pizza Day
A forum-arranged purchase exchanges 10,000 BTC for 2 pizzas, becoming an early price and payment milestone.
2011
托管
Mt. Gox account compromise disrupts trading
An account compromise and abnormal trading expose how a centralised venue can fail independently of Bitcoin.
网络
Litecoin launches
Litecoin adapts Bitcoin's design with different hashing and timing parameters.
2012
企业
Coinbase is founded
Coinbase begins as a hosted service for buying and holding bitcoin, part of the expansion of custodial access.
协议
First Bitcoin halving
The block subsidy falls from 50 to 25 BTC at height 210,000.
阅读文章Bitcoin Core: subsidy and block validation implementation
2013
网络
XRP Ledger consensus era
The XRP Ledger's early history develops around validators and issued assets rather than proof-of-work mining.
文化
Dogecoin launches
Dogecoin turns an internet meme into a proof-of-work cryptocurrency and later a major speculation culture.
2014
网络
Ethereum announced publicly
Ethereum's programmable blockchain design is introduced before the 2015 Frontier launch.
托管
Mt. Gox stops withdrawals and fails
The exchange's collapse leaves customers facing a lengthy insolvency and rehabilitation process.
监管
New York BitLicense proposal
New York proposes a licensing framework for virtual currency businesses, starting a major US state regulatory model.
Stablecoins
Tether's predecessor launches
Realcoin, later renamed Tether, introduces a dollar-linked token model whose reserve representations later draw enforcement scrutiny.
2015
Stablecoins
Maker project begins
Maker's development leads toward overcollateralised DAI and onchain liquidation mechanics.
协议
Ethereum Frontier launches
Ethereum's first live release introduces its programmable execution environment.
2016
安全
The DAO exploit
The incident leads to competing proposals for handling the affected funds.
安全
The DAO is exploited
An execution path drains value from The DAO and forces Ethereum participants to debate intervention.
协议
Second Bitcoin halving
The subsidy falls from 25 to 12.5 BTC at height 420,000.
阅读文章Bitcoin Core: subsidy and block validation implementation
协议
Ethereum DAO fork
Ethereum's fork changes state following The DAO incident; the original chain continues separately.
安全
Bitfinex theft
The theft becomes the underlying offence in a later US money-laundering prosecution.
隐私
Zcash launches
Zcash launches with shielded transaction technology alongside transparent transaction modes.
2017
市场
ICO fundraising peaks
Token sales expand rapidly, often financing future products before usable networks exist.
执法行动
SEC publishes The DAO report
The report examines when token offerings fall within securities law.
协议
SegWit activates on Bitcoin
Witness commitments and new transaction-weight rules change Bitcoin transaction accounting.
监管
China restricts ICOs and exchange activity
Chinese authorities announce restrictions that reshape exchange access and mining geography over later years.
应用
CryptoKitties congestion
A popular NFT application demonstrates how 1 application can consume meaningful shared-chain capacity.
2018
托管
Coincheck reports NEM theft
The Japanese exchange reports a large theft from its custody environment.
诈骗
BitConnect platform collapses
BitConnect's lending programme ends amid regulatory action and later criminal allegations.
推广
Centra Tech promotion cases develop
US authorities pursue conduct around the Centra ICO, including later promoter settlements.
阅读文章SEC: Floyd Mayweather and DJ Khaled settlements, 29 November 2018
协议
LND mainnet beta
Lightning Labs announces its beta, an early deployment milestone for payment channels.
市场
Uniswap launches
An automated exchange built around liquidity pools goes live on Ethereum.
执法行动
Mayweather and Khaled promotion settlements
SEC orders address undisclosed payments for promoting ICO investments.
阅读文章SEC: Floyd Mayweather and DJ Khaled settlements, 29 November 2018
2019
托管
Cryptopia breach
Cryptopia reports a security breach before entering liquidation later in 2019.
托管
QuadrigaCX creditor protection
QuadrigaCX enters court proceedings while customer asset access and records remain unresolved.
网络
Facebook announces Libra
The proposed global stablecoin project triggers policy resistance and is later reworked and abandoned.
诈骗
PlusToken withdrawal failures emerge
PlusToken users lose access as authorities and analysts trace a large recruitment-driven crypto scheme.
2020
网络
Solana mainnet beta begins
Solana's mainnet beta starts, establishing its account and programme execution model.
协议
Third Bitcoin halving
The subsidy falls from 12.5 to 6.25 BTC at height 630,000.
阅读文章Bitcoin Core: subsidy and block validation implementation
市场
COMP distribution begins
Compound's governance-token incentives help accelerate liquidity-mining activity.
阅读文章CoinDesk: COMP distribution and governance changes, 30 June 2020
诈骗
AirBit Club operators charged
US criminal proceedings expose claims of mining and trading returns unsupported by the real money flow.
市场
SushiSwap vampire mining
Liquidity incentives move assets from Uniswap into SushiSwap and show how token rewards can redirect protocol usage.
协议
Ethereum Beacon Chain launches
Proof-of-stake consensus begins operating before its later merger with Ethereum execution.
2021
文化
NFT market expands
NFT trading and profile-picture collections turn token ownership into a mass-market identity and speculation product.
市场
Beeple auction reaches $69.3 million
Christie's sale becomes a prominent milestone in the NFT market's expansion.
企业
Coinbase direct listing
A major US crypto exchange lists shares on Nasdaq, marking deeper contact with public equity markets.
市场
Meme-coin cycle accelerates
Dogecoin and newer tokens demonstrate how social distribution can overwhelm conventional valuation narratives.
安全
Poly Network exploit
A privileged cross-chain path is exploited; much of the transferred value is later returned.
协议
London upgrade
EIP-1559 introduces a burned base fee and new transaction fee settings.
执法行动
CFTC Tether and Bitfinex orders
The orders address historical reserve representations and retail commodity transactions.
协议
Taproot activates
Bitcoin adds Schnorr signatures and Taproot spending rules at height 709,632.
安全
BadgerDAO frontend compromise
Users approve hostile transactions delivered through compromised web infrastructure.
2022
安全
Wormhole exploit
A verification failure allows unbacked wrapped ETH to be minted on Solana.
执法行动
BlockFi lending settlement
BlockFi agrees to $100 million in combined SEC and state penalties.
阅读文章SEC: BlockFi lending-product settlement, 14 February 2022
执法行动
BitConnect founder indicted
US prosecutors allege a global investment-fraud scheme; an indictment is an allegation.
安全
Ronin bridge theft
A bridge compromise is later attributed by the FBI to North Korean actors.
治理
Beanstalk flash-loan governance attack
Borrowed voting power is used to approve treasury-draining execution in 1 transaction.
市场
UST loses its peg
Terra's redemption mechanism and market confidence break down.
阅读文章SEC: Terraform / Kwon civil fraud verdict and settlement, 13 June 2024
信贷
Three Arrows Capital defaults
Leveraged fund exposures spread losses into lenders and customer-facing platforms.
安全
Harmony Horizon bridge drained
Compromised validator control enables unauthorised bridge withdrawals.
托管
Celsius pauses customer withdrawals
Customers lose access to assets before the lender enters bankruptcy.
信贷
Voyager enters bankruptcy
Voyager's customer product fails after counterparty lending exposure becomes uncollectable.
阅读文章FTC: Voyager Digital settlement and Stephen Ehrlich suit
托管
Celsius files for bankruptcy
The filing follows its withdrawal freeze.
安全
Nomad bridge copycat drain
A trusted-root error makes a withdrawal pattern reproducible by many addresses.
协议
The Merge
Ethereum's execution layer moves to Beacon Chain proof-of-stake consensus.
市场
Mango Markets manipulation
Trades increase collateral value before assets are borrowed from the platform.
执法行动
Kim Kardashian promotion settlement
The SEC addresses an undisclosed $250,000 payment for an EthereumMax promotion.
阅读文章SEC: Kim Kardashian EthereumMax settlement, 3 October 2022
托管
FTX collapses
Withdrawal pressure reveals a customer-asset shortfall and intertwined exposure to Alameda.
托管
Genesis suspends Earn withdrawals
Gemini Earn customers are affected by their lending exposure to Genesis.
托管
FTX and Alameda records unravel
The collapse reveals privileged affiliate access and a customer-asset shortfall.
诈骗
IcomTech prosecutions advance
US cases describe mining and trading claims used to support a Ponzi scheme.
执法行动
SEC files its Bankman-Fried complaint
The complaint describes alleged customer-fund diversion and special treatment for Alameda.
2023
执法行动
SEC charges Genesis and Gemini
The complaint concerns the offer and sale of the Gemini Earn lending product.
诈骗
Forsage founders indicted
US authorities pursue founders of the smart-contract recruitment scheme.
市场
USDC depegs during the SVB crisis
Disclosure of reserve cash at Silicon Valley Bank prompts concern about access to backing.
政策
USDC loses its peg temporarily
Silicon Valley Bank exposure creates uncertainty over access to part of USDC reserves.
推广
TRX and BTT celebrity cases announced
The SEC files its complaint and announces settlements with several promoters.
阅读文章SEC: TRX / BTT allegations and celebrity settlements, 22 March 2023
安全
Euler exploit
A lending-accounting path is exploited using atomic liquidity and complex position changes.
政策
US authorities announce depositor protection
The announcement covers depositors at Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank.
阅读文章Treasury, Federal Reserve and FDIC: joint statement, 12 March 2023
执法行动
TRX and BTT promotion cases
The SEC announces charges and celebrity settlements concerning promotion and other alleged conduct.
阅读文章SEC: TRX / BTT allegations and celebrity settlements, 22 March 2023
协议
Shapella upgrade
Ethereum enables validator withdrawals, subject to its withdrawal rules.
安全
Curve pools affected by compiler issue
Specific pools using vulnerable Vyper versions suffer reentrancy-related losses.
跨链桥
Multichain abnormal transfers
Large movements and operational silence create uncertainty about control of bridge assets.
执法行动
OneCoin co-founder sentenced
Karl Sebastian Greenwood receives a 20-year prison sentence.
阅读文章US DOJ: OneCoin co-founder Greenwood sentenced, 12 September 2023
信贷
FTC announces Voyager settlement and suit
The FTC permanently bans Voyager from handling consumer assets and sues former CEO Stephen Ehrlich.
阅读文章FTC: Voyager Digital settlement and Stephen Ehrlich suit
安全
KyberSwap Elastic exploit
Complex concentrated-liquidity accounting is manipulated across affected pools.
Tokens
SafeMoon executives charged
US criminal and civil actions challenge claims concerning liquidity and its control.
执法行动
Binance and CZ guilty pleas
The resolutions establish specified compliance offences, not every allegation ever made about the exchange.
2024
诈骗
HyperFund charges announced
US authorities allege a large recruitment-driven investment scheme operating under several names.
政策
US spot Bitcoin ETP approvals
The SEC approves exchange rule changes permitting the products' listing and trading.
阅读文章SEC: spot Bitcoin ETP approval statement, 10 January 2024
托管
FTX founder sentenced
Sam Bankman-Fried receives a 25-year sentence after conviction on 7 counts.
协议
Dencun upgrade
Ethereum introduces blobs and a separate data fee market through EIP-4844.
执法行动
Bankman-Fried sentenced
A US court imposes a 25-year prison sentence following his fraud conviction.
Bitcoin
Runes activates at the halving
A fungible-token protocol begins at Bitcoin block 840,000, increasing competition for block space.
Bitcoin
Fourth Bitcoin halving
The block subsidy falls from 6.25 to 3.125 BTC at height 840,000.
阅读文章Bitcoin Core: subsidy and block validation implementation
协议
Fourth Bitcoin halving
The subsidy falls from 6.25 to 3.125 BTC at height 840,000.
阅读文章Bitcoin Core: subsidy and block validation implementation
执法行动
Terraform settlement announced
The SEC announces a settlement following the civil fraud verdict.
阅读文章SEC: Terraform / Kwon civil fraud verdict and settlement, 13 June 2024
政策
MiCA stablecoin provisions apply
Parts of the EU Markets in Crypto-Assets regime begin applying to asset-referenced and electronic-money tokens.
托管
FTX reorganisation plan confirmed
The announced plan distinguishes allowed dollar claims from the return of the original coins.
阅读文章FTX estate: confirmed reorganisation plan, 7 October 2024
执法行动
Bitfinex hacker sentenced
Ilya Lichtenstein receives five years for the money-laundering conspiracy.
政策
MiCA broader regime applies
The wider EU crypto-asset service-provider framework begins applying, subject to transitional rules.
DMM Bitcoin, 2024: a recruitment lure reached a custody workflow
The official attribution follows a fake coding test through session impersonation to a manipulated transaction request.
2025
执法行动
BitMEX receives $100 million fine
A US court sentences the exchange after its Bank Secrecy Act guilty plea.
安全
Bybit theft attributed
The FBI attributes a major exchange theft to North Korean TraderTraitor actors.
安全
Bybit theft
A major digital-asset theft is attributed by the FBI to North Korea days later.
Tornado Cash: the 2025 delisting belongs in the history too
The sanctions designation, its removal and cases against individuals are separate legal events.
执法行动
Alex Mashinsky sentenced
The Celsius founder receives a 12-year US prison sentence after his guilty plea.
Ethereum
Pectra upgrade
Ethereum activates changes including account and validator features after testing and coordination.
执法行动
Celsius founder sentenced
Alex Mashinsky receives 12 years after pleading guilty to fraud offences.
执法行动
Do Kwon pleads guilty
Kwon pleads guilty in the US criminal case arising from representations around Terra.
阅读文章SEC: Terraform / Kwon civil fraud verdict and settlement, 13 June 2024
执法行动
Do Kwon sentenced
A US court imposes a 15-year sentence.
阅读文章SEC: Terraform / Kwon civil fraud verdict and settlement, 13 June 2024
执法行动
Do Kwon sentenced
Kwon receives 15 years after his August guilty plea in the US criminal case.
2026
政策
Gemini Earn case dismissal reported
The SEC and Gemini agree to dismiss the Earn case after full in-kind customer recovery through Genesis bankruptcy.
SafeMoon: the liquidity claim, conviction and 2026 sentence
The legal record concerns access to supposedly locked liquidity and diversion of investor assets.
诈骗数据
FBI reports rising cyber-enabled fraud
The FBI publishes loss data showing the continuing scale of investment and impersonation fraud.
OneCoin, 2026: asset recovery is not the same as repaying every victim
The compensation announcement describes recovered assets and a claims process, not a reversal of the original losses.
MASTR 研究
MASTR documents exchange-flow conflicts
MASTR publishes direct observations about incentives, representatives and exchange-linked flows on X.
MASTR 研究
MASTR expands the LAPTOP record
Saved workbooks reconcile launch inventory, claim wallets and completed sales rather than relying on screenshots.
MASTR 研究
LAPTOP onchain findings updated
MASTR's saved records reconcile launch inventory, claims and completed sales.
阅读文章MASTR: LAPTOP independent onchain reconstruction, 9 September 2026