Protocollo
Aave
A lending protocol used here to explain collateral health and liquidation. Parameters depend on the specific market and asset.
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MASTR CRYPTO WIKI
Persone e progetti
Persone e organizzazioni citate nelle ricerche. Ogni voce ne spiega il ruolo e rimanda agli articoli pertinenti. La presenza nell’elenco non implica una condotta illecita.
Gli articoli di ricerca e le schede sono pubblicati in inglese. La navigazione è disponibile in sette lingue.
Nessuna voce corrispondente.
A
Persona
Adam Back
Creator of Hashcash, a proof-of-work system cited in Bitcoin’s design lineage.
Schema di investimento
AirBit Club
Crypto investment programme prosecuted in the United States as a fraud scheme.
Organizzazione
Alameda Research
Trading firm at the centre of the FTX customer-fund diversion. The case explains its privileged treatment and related-party exposure.
Persona
Alex Gluchowski
Matter Labs co-founder associated with zkSync.
Persona
Alex Mashinsky
Celsius founder. The linked case covers representations to customers, CEL-related conduct and his May 2025 sentence.
Persona
Anatoly Yakovenko
Solana co-founder associated with the network’s high-throughput account model.
Persona
Andre Cronje
DeFi developer associated with Yearn and several protocol designs. The directory records the role without treating reputation as an audit.
Rete
Aptos
Move-based smart-contract network with an object and resource-oriented programming model.
Rete
Arbitrum
Ethereum scaling systems with different data-availability assumptions. Rollup and AnyTrust configurations should not be conflated.
Persona
Arthur Hayes
BitMEX co-founder whose Bank Secrecy Act case is covered as an exchange compliance event.
Rete di archiviazione
Arweave
Persistent-data network used by some applications and NFT projects.
Rete
Avalanche
An ecosystem containing distinct chains and asset routes. An EVM-compatible interface does not identify the complete trust model.
Persona
Avraham Eisenberg
Trader at the centre of the Mango Markets oracle-manipulation case.
B
Protocollo
BadgerDAO
Bitcoin-focused DeFi project affected by a compromised frontend.
Istituzione
Bank for International Settlements
International financial institution publishing research on payments, markets and digital assets.
Persona
Barry Silbert
Digital Currency Group founder. The Genesis Earn file maps the customer, agent and borrower relationship.
Rete
Base
An Ethereum Layer 2. Familiar account addresses do not make balances or bridged assets interchangeable with other networks.
Protocollo di stablecoin
Beanstalk
Protocol affected by a flash-loan-assisted governance takeover.
Persona
Benjamin Delo
BitMEX co-founder named in the exchange’s Bank Secrecy Act proceedings.
Organizzazione
Binance
Exchange group covered by the 2023 criminal resolution. BNB Chain's protocol properties require a separate analysis.
Rete
Bitcoin
A proof-of-work network with UTXO-based transactions and a defined issuance schedule.
Schema di investimento
BitConnect
Lending programme built around promised returns and an alleged trading bot.
Organizzazione
Bitfinex
Exchange affected by the 2016 theft. The theft prosecution and the CFTC's 2021 order concern different conduct.
Piattaforma di derivati
BitMEX
Crypto derivatives venue covered through its Bank Secrecy Act case.
Organizzazione
BlockFi
Crypto lender covered here through its February 2022 interest-account settlement. The settlement was not an endorsement of the product's safety.
Mercato NFT
Blur
NFT marketplace relevant to incentive-driven activity and professional NFT trading.
Rete
BNB Chain
A blockchain ecosystem analysed separately from Binance's exchange business and legal cases.
Persona
Brad Garlinghouse
Ripple chief executive. The directory distinguishes the company from XRP Ledger’s protocol.
Persona
Brendan Eich
Brave founder and creator of JavaScript; linked here through tokenised attention-market history.
Persona
Brian Armstrong
Coinbase co-founder and chief executive. Custodial access and self-custody remain different control models.
Organizzazione
Bybit
Exchange affected by the February 2025 theft attributed by the FBI to North Korea.
C
Persona
Cameron Winklevoss
Gemini co-founder. The Earn file distinguishes Gemini’s customer interface from Genesis credit exposure.
Rete
Cardano
A network using an extended UTXO model. Application rules and custody arrangements still need independent assessment.
Persona
Caroline Ellison
Former Alameda Research chief executive and cooperating witness in the FTX criminal case.
Organizzazione
Celsius
Crypto lender that paused withdrawals in June 2022 and filed for bankruptcy the next month.
Società di sicurezza
CertiK
Audit and monitoring company. Any badge must be checked against version, scope and unresolved findings.
Società di analisi
Chainalysis
Blockchain analytics company. Its labels are evidence inputs rather than automatic proof of civil identity.
Protocollo
Chainlink
Oracle infrastructure. Feed selection, update conditions and downstream validation matter as much as the reported price.
Persona
Changpeng Zhao (CZ)
Binance founder. The article separates his 2023 guilty plea from the company's resolution and subsequent developments.
Persona
Charles Hoskinson
Cardano founder and early Ethereum co-founder. The linked entry covers Cardano’s transaction model.
Persona
Charlie Lee
Litecoin creator. Litecoin adapted Bitcoin’s proof-of-work and issuance design.
Persona
Chris Larsen
Ripple co-founder associated with the development and commercial use of XRP Ledger.
Organizzazione
Circle
USDC issuer. The SVB episode illustrates the difference between reporting reserve assets and accessing bank cash during a crisis.
Infrastruttura Internet
Cloudflare
DNS and web-infrastructure provider. A secure edge does not establish that the destination application is honest.
Exchange
Coincheck
Japanese exchange affected by the 2018 NEM theft.
Protocollo
Compound
A lending protocol whose 2020 COMP distribution is a milestone in liquidity-mining history.
Rete
Cosmos
An ecosystem and software framework, rather than a universal shared-security guarantee for every connected chain.
Protocollo di prestito
Cream Finance
Lending protocol affected by multiple exploits.
Exchange
Cryptopia
New Zealand exchange placed into liquidation after a 2019 theft.
Protocollo di scambio
Curve Finance
Stable-asset exchange protocol affected in 2023 through vulnerable Vyper contracts.
D
Persona
Dan Larimer
Developer associated with BitShares, Steem and EOS.
Persona
David Chaum
Cryptographer whose electronic-cash work predates Bitcoin and remains part of digital-money history.
Persona
DJ Khaled
Promoter named in the SEC's 2018 ICO-promotion settlement.
Persona
Do Kwon
Terraform Labs co-founder. The Terra article distinguishes the peg's collapse, the civil case and his December 2025 criminal sentence.
Rete
Dogecoin
Proof-of-work network created from Litecoin-derived code and later merge-mined with Litecoin.
Persona
Donald Trump
Namesake of the TRUMP token and central figure in the political-crypto projects discussed here. Ownership, fees and conflicts are examined separately from claims of illegality.
Protocollo di trading
dYdX
Derivatives protocol relevant to perpetual funding, oracle design and liquidation.
E
Protocollo di restaking
EigenLayer
Ethereum restaking system that can create correlated slashing and dependency risk.
Proposta Ethereum
EIP-1559
Ethereum fee-market change introducing a base fee and separate priority fee.
Proposta Ethereum
EIP-7702
Delegation mechanism allowing an externally owned account to execute code under defined conditions.
Persona
Eli Ben-Sasson
StarkWare co-founder and researcher in scalable proof systems.
Società di analisi
Elliptic
Blockchain analytics company producing investigations and typology research.
Persona
Emin Gün Sirer
Avalanche co-founder and computer-science researcher.
Standard per token
ERC-1155
Multi-token interface supporting fungible and non-fungible assets in one contract.
Standard per token
ERC-20
Fungible-token interface whose allowances and non-standard return behaviour require care.
Standard per account
ERC-4337
Account-abstraction standard using user operations, bundlers and entry-point validation.
Standard per token
ERC-721
NFT interface defining ownership and transfers while leaving metadata storage choices open.
Persona
Ethan Buchman
Cosmos co-founder and contributor to Tendermint and interchain standards.
Rete
Ethereum
A programmable settlement network. Its history includes Frontier, the DAO fork, the Merge and data-availability upgrades.
Ambiente di esecuzione
Ethereum Virtual Machine
Execution model used by Ethereum and several compatible chains. Compatibility does not create shared state or security.
Progetto di token
EthereumMax
Token promoted by celebrities and covered by US disclosure enforcement.
Explorer di blocchi
Etherscan
Ethereum explorer used to inspect transactions, code, logs and token approvals.
Protocollo di prestito
Euler Finance
Lending protocol affected by a 2023 donation-to-reserves exploit path.
Autorità di vigilanza
European Banking Authority
EU banking authority with responsibilities under the crypto-asset regulatory framework.
Autorità di vigilanza
European Securities and Markets Authority
EU markets authority involved in implementing and supervising crypto-asset rules.
Cooperazione investigativa
Europol
EU agency coordinating cross-border criminal intelligence, including online investment fraud.
F
Autorità investigativa
Federal Bureau of Investigation
US agency publishing crypto-fraud guidance and cyber-threat attribution.
Autorità per la tutela dei consumatori
Federal Trade Commission
US consumer-protection agency publishing warnings about investment, impersonation and payment scams.
Organismo di standardizzazione
Financial Action Task Force
Intergovernmental body setting global anti-money-laundering standards, including virtual-asset guidance.
Autorità di vigilanza
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
US financial-intelligence bureau administering anti-money-laundering requirements.
Organismo di standardizzazione
Financial Stability Board
International body coordinating financial-stability policy, including crypto-asset frameworks.
Ricerca e infrastruttura
Flashbots
Ethereum research and infrastructure organisation associated with MEV markets and block building.
Persona
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Promoter named in the SEC's 2018 ICO-promotion settlement.
Schema di investimento
Forsage
Smart-contract programme charged by the SEC as a crypto pyramid and Ponzi scheme.
Organizzazione
FTX
Crypto exchange whose collapse exposed the misuse of customer funds. Estate distributions are a separate question from ownership of the original deposited assets.
G
Persona
Gary Wang
FTX co-founder and cooperating witness whose testimony concerned exchange code and Alameda privileges.
Persona
Gavin Wood
Ethereum co-founder and author of the Ethereum Yellow Paper; later a Polkadot founder.
Organizzazione
Gemini
Customer-facing platform in the Earn lending arrangement. The linked article distinguishes the platform, agent and borrower roles.
Organizzazione
Genesis
Borrower in the Gemini Earn arrangement described in the SEC's January 2023 complaint.
Persona
Gerald Cotten
QuadrigaCX co-founder whose death exposed the exchange’s missing custody and accounting records.
Piattaforma di codice
GitHub
Code hosting platform used for source and release distribution. Repository ownership and release signing still need verification.
H
Persona
Hal Finney
Cryptographer who received the first recorded Bitcoin transfer from Satoshi Nakamoto.
Bridge
Harmony Horizon
Harmony bridge affected by compromised signing keys in 2022.
Persona
Hayden Adams
Creator of Uniswap. The historical article explains the exchange's launch and the economic role of liquidity pools.
Schema di investimento
HyperFund
Online investment programme later presented under several names, including HyperVerse.
I
Schema di investimento
IcomTech
Crypto mining and trading programme prosecuted as a fraud scheme.
Persona
Illia Polosukhin
NEAR co-founder. The directory records protocol authorship without implying that a founder controls every application.
Persona
Ilya Lichtenstein
Bitfinex hacker sentenced in November 2024 for conspiracy to launder the stolen assets.
Piattaforma di sicurezza
Immunefi
Bug-bounty platform focused on Web3 vulnerabilities and coordinated disclosure.
Organismo di standardizzazione
Internet Engineering Task Force
Open standards organisation behind many protocols used by wallets, browsers and networks.
Cooperazione investigativa
Interpol
International police organisation coordinating notices and cross-border investigations.
Protocollo di archiviazione
IPFS
Content-addressed storage network often referenced by NFT metadata. Availability still depends on retention.
J
Persona
Jae Kwon
Cosmos co-founder associated with Tendermint consensus and interchain architecture.
Persona
Jed McCaleb
Co-founder of Ripple and Stellar and an early Mt. Gox creator before its later ownership.
Persona
Jesse Powell
Kraken co-founder. The directory records exchange history without treating any venue as a substitute for custody analysis.
Protocollo di trading
Jupiter
Solana routing and trading infrastructure. Quotes depend on routes, liquidity and transaction construction.
Persona
Justin Sun
Figure named in the SEC's March 2023 TRX and BTT case. The article distinguishes the complaint's allegations from separate celebrity settlements.
K
Persona
Karl Sebastian Greenwood
OneCoin co-founder. The article covers the scheme and his 2023 criminal sentence.
Persona
Kim Kardashian
Promoter named in the SEC's EthereumMax settlement over an undisclosed payment. The settlement concerns the promotional disclosure.
Rete
Kusama
Polkadot-related canary network with its own governance and economic state.
Protocollo di scambio
KyberSwap
Decentralised exchange affected by a concentrated-liquidity exploit.
Persona
Kyle Davies
Three Arrows Capital co-founder. The linked file separates fund exposure from later creditor recovery.
L
Persona
Laszlo Hanyecz
Participant in the 2010 purchase remembered as Bitcoin Pizza Day.
Designazione di un attore malevolo
Lazarus Group
Attribution label used by US authorities for North Korean cyber operations, including major crypto thefts.
Produttore di hardware wallet
Ledger
Hardware-wallet vendor relevant to supply-chain, firmware and recovery threat models.
Protocollo di staking
Lido
Liquid-staking protocol issuing receipts against staked assets.
Rete di pagamento
Lightning Network
Bitcoin payment-channel network whose routing and liquidity differ from base-layer settlement.
Rete
Litecoin
Bitcoin-derived proof-of-work network with different timing and hashing choices.
M
DAO e protocollo
MakerDAO
DAO and lending system behind overcollateralised stablecoin debt.
Protocollo di trading
Mango Markets
Solana trading venue affected by oracle and collateral manipulation.
Persona
Mark Karpelès
Former Mt. Gox chief executive, central to the exchange history and its long insolvency process.
Ricerca
MASTR
Original investigations, workbooks and source notes in this collection. Start with the evidence index or the LAPTOP transaction reconciliations.
Software per wallet
MetaMask
Browser and mobile wallet. A familiar interface does not remove signature and approval risk.
Protocollo DeFi
Meteora
Solana liquidity protocol. Pool structure, authority and executable depth should be verified at contract level.
Organizzazione
MGX
Investment firm discussed in the Binance transaction and USD1 payment arrangement. The linked article examines the associated conflict-of-interest questions.
Persona
Michael Saylor
MicroStrategy co-founder associated with a corporate Bitcoin treasury strategy.
Schema di investimento
Mining Capital Coin
Mining and investment programme charged by US authorities as fraud.
Rete
Monero
Privacy-focused network using ring signatures, stealth addresses and confidential amounts.
Organizzazione
Mt. Gox
Failed Bitcoin exchange whose customer recovery process illustrates the long duration of custodial losses.
Bridge
Multichain
Cross-chain service whose 2023 collapse exposed concentrated operational control.
N
Organismo di standardizzazione
National Institute of Standards and Technology
US standards institution whose security guidance informs authentication and key-management practice.
Rete
NEAR
Proof-of-stake smart-contract network using sharded execution.
Persona
Nick Szabo
Author of the bit gold proposal and early writing on smart contracts.
Persona
Nishad Singh
Former FTX engineering director and cooperating witness in the FTX case.
Bridge
Nomad
Cross-chain bridge whose 2022 incident followed acceptance of an invalid trusted root.
O
Autorità responsabile delle sanzioni
Office of Foreign Assets Control
US Treasury office administering sanctions, including actions involving crypto addresses and services.
Schema di investimento
OneCoin
Global scheme marketed as cryptocurrency without the promised public blockchain.
Mercato NFT
OpenSea
NFT marketplace used here to distinguish marketplace listings from token identity and metadata persistence.
Società di sicurezza
OpenZeppelin
Smart-contract security company and library maintainer. Libraries reduce repeated mistakes but do not prove system safety.
Rete
Optimism
Ethereum scaling technology whose fault proofs, upgrade powers and withdrawal rules require separate checks.
P
Software per wallet
Phantom
Solana wallet interface. Users still need to inspect programmes, token accounts and requested authority.
Schema di investimento
PlusToken
Investment scheme that promised wallet and return benefits while collecting large crypto deposits.
Rete
Polkadot
Multichain network using shared relay-chain security for connected parachains.
Bridge
Poly Network
Cross-chain protocol affected by a 2021 exploit involving message and privilege handling.
Rete
Polygon PoS
A network whose checkpoints are only part of its security model.
Q
Exchange
QuadrigaCX
Canadian exchange whose insolvency exposed severe custody and record failures.
R
Persona
Raj Gokal
Solana co-founder and ecosystem executive.
Protocollo di scambio
Raydium
Solana exchange and liquidity protocol. Pool identity and token mint addresses must be verified.
Persona
Robert Leshner
Compound founder. Compound appears in the history of token-incentivised lending.
Rete di bridge
Ronin Network
Gaming-linked network whose bridge validators were compromised in 2022.
Persona
Ross Ulbricht
Founder of the Silk Road marketplace, a major event in Bitcoin’s early public history.
Persona
Ruja Ignatova
OneCoin co-founder promoted as the public face of a system that lacked the promised public blockchain.
Persona
Rune Christensen
MakerDAO co-founder. The related file explains overcollateralised stablecoin debt.
Linguaggio di programmazione
Rust
Systems language widely used in Solana and other blockchain software. Language safety does not replace authority analysis.
Persona
Ryan Salame
Former FTX Digital Markets executive whose case is separate from the technical account privileges examined here.
S
Protocollo
Safe
Smart-account infrastructure supporting threshold-based ownership and optional extensions. Modules can create additional execution routes.
Progetto di token
SafeMoon
Token project examined through US criminal allegations concerning liquidity-pool assets.
Persona
Sam Bankman-Fried
FTX founder. The FTX article covers his criminal conviction, the March 2024 sentence and the use of customer funds.
Persona
Samuel Reed
BitMEX co-founder named in the exchange’s Bank Secrecy Act proceedings.
Persona
Satish Kumbhani
BitConnect founder named in the US indictment. The article describes the allegations as allegations, not a conviction.
Persona
Satoshi Nakamoto
Pseudonymous author of the Bitcoin white paper. The name identifies the published authorship, not a verified civil identity.
Persona
Sergey Nazarov
Chainlink co-founder. Oracle security depends on feed design and downstream validation.
Persona
Sergio Demian Lerner
Security researcher known for early Bitcoin mining analysis. Attribution hypotheses remain distinct from verified identity.
Organizzazione
Silicon Valley Bank
Bank whose March 2023 failure affected confidence in USDC's access to part of its reserve cash.
Rete
Solana
A network with account-based programmes and distinct token authorities. Asset identity and account control require more than a ticker.
Linguaggio di programmazione
Solidity
Dominant EVM smart-contract language. Compiler version, storage layout and call behaviour affect risk.
Explorer di blocchi
Solscan
Solana explorer used to inspect accounts, instructions and token authorities.
Programma di token
SPL Token
Original Solana token programme governing mints, accounts and authorities.
Persona
Stani Kulechov
Aave founder. The linked material focuses on collateral, health factors and liquidation.
Rete
Stellar
Payment-focused ledger supporting native and issued assets.
Persona
Stephen Ehrlich
Former Voyager Digital chief executive. The linked file explains the broker, lender and customer relationship.
Persona
Su Zhu
Three Arrows Capital co-founder. The linked file concerns the fund’s leverage and creditor collapse.
Rete
Sui
A network with an object-based model for assets and ownership.
T
Organizzazione
Terraform Labs
Company behind Terra and UST. The linked case covers both system mechanics and findings concerning its representations.
Organizzazione
Tether
Stablecoin issuer examined through the CFTC's historical reserve-representation findings. Those findings do not establish today's reserve position.
DAO
The DAO
2016 Ethereum investment vehicle whose exploit led to a disputed chain fork.
Fondo
Three Arrows Capital
Crypto hedge fund whose 2022 collapse transmitted losses to lenders and brokers.
Programma di token
Token-2022
Extended Solana token programme supporting additional controls and transfer behaviour.
Protocollo software
Tornado Cash
Privacy software and sanctions case that raises distinct questions about code, services and operator conduct.
Società di sicurezza
Trail of Bits
Security research and engineering company whose work includes smart contracts and cryptography.
Produttore di hardware wallet
Trezor
Hardware-wallet vendor relevant to device authenticity, firmware and seed handling.
Società di analisi
TRM Labs
Blockchain intelligence company producing risk and attribution research.
Rete
TRON
A network whose resource model and token controls matter when assessing transfers and stablecoin exposure.
Persona
Tyler Winklevoss
Gemini co-founder. The Earn file separates platform branding from the underlying lending chain.
U
Protocollo
Uniswap
An automated exchange protocol family. The wiki separates its launch, constant-product pool arithmetic and liquidity-provider returns.
Autorità di vigilanza
US Commodity Futures Trading Commission
US derivatives regulator with digital-asset enforcement and market-integrity responsibilities.
Autorità investigativa
US Department of Justice
US department responsible for federal criminal prosecutions cited across exchange, fraud and laundering cases.
Autorità di vigilanza
US Securities and Exchange Commission
US markets regulator whose complaints, orders and settlements are primary records for several cases in the wiki.
V
Persona
Vitalik Buterin
Ethereum co-founder and author whose work shaped programmable blockchain design.
Broker e prestatore
Voyager Digital
Crypto broker and lender whose failure exposed customer assets to borrower and bankruptcy risk.
Linguaggio di programmazione
Vyper
Smart-contract language whose compiler vulnerabilities were involved in the 2023 Curve incident.
W
Protocollo di connessione
WalletConnect
Wallet connection protocol whose sessions can be abused by hostile interfaces.
Persona
Wei Dai
Author of the b-money proposal cited in Bitcoin’s design history.
Organizzazione
World Liberty Financial
Crypto project connected to the USD1 discussion. The research follows the stated relationships and transaction structure.
Organismo di standardizzazione
World Wide Web Consortium
Web standards organisation. Browser security boundaries remain relevant to every crypto frontend.
Bridge
Wormhole
Cross-chain messaging system affected by a 2022 verification failure.
X
Rete
XRP Ledger
A ledger supporting XRP and issued assets. Issuer-specific rights and controls remain relevant for issued tokens.
Y
Protocollo di rendimento
Yearn Finance
DeFi yield system associated with vault strategies. Strategy dependencies determine where returns and losses arise.
Z
Rete
Zcash
Network supporting shielded transfers through zero-knowledge proofs.