Selective blacklists
An administrator blocks chosen holders while related wallets exit.
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Les enquêtes et les fiches de référence sont publiées en anglais. La navigation est disponible en sept langues.
Les enquêtes et les fiches de référence sont publiées en anglais. La navigation est disponible en sept langues.
Self-trade volume
Accounts under shared control create prints without changing economic ownership.
Sequencer control
A rollup sequencer orders and submits transactions.
Session theft: account access without another password prompt
An authenticated session can become a separate credential worth protecting and revoking.
Session-cookie theft
A browser session is stolen after authentication.
Signed permits: a message can authorise spending
Paying no gas does not make a signature harmless.
SIM-swap attacks
A phone number is moved to an attacker-controlled SIM or eSIM.
Similar balances do not prove coordinated entry
Tables sorted by current holdings can create a misleading visual pattern.
Simulation spoofing
A frontend shows a reassuring preview that differs from execution.
Slashing conditions
Slashing penalises specified validator behaviour.
Slippage, price impact and the price you actually receive
A displayed quote is not a completed trade.
Smart-account validation
A smart account uses programmable authorisation rather than one external key.
Solana account ownership
Solana programmes operate on accounts supplied to instructions.
Solana CPI: follow permissions into the called program
One instruction can call another program using accounts and privileges from the original request.
Solana PDAs: an address can be controlled without a private key
Program-derived addresses use deterministic derivation and runtime-checked signing authority.
Solana: wallets, token accounts and authority
Why an account owner, a token owner and a human owner are not interchangeable labels.
Spoofing and layering
Orders intended for cancellation make an order book appear deeper or more directional.
Stablecoin reserve models
Stablecoins use bank reserves, crypto collateral, algorithms or combinations.
Stablecoins: the peg and the claim behind it
Reserve assets, redemption rights and transfer controls can matter more than the current price.
Sui: objects and ownership
An object model changes how state is represented, not whether every app is trustworthy.
Survivorship bias in calls, rankings and research
A sample containing only visible winners cannot measure the odds faced by a new participant.
Survivorship in call channels
Deleted losses and repeated winners create a fabricated hit rate.
Task and optimisation scams
A site pays small sums for clicks, ratings or supposed optimisation work.
Telegram admin impersonation
A private message claims to be support or a project administrator.
Terra and UST: the peg, the collapse and the fraud cases
The redemption mechanism explains the feedback loop; the court records explain the misleading claims surrounding it.
The DAO exploit and Ethereum fork
The DAO incident led to a contentious Ethereum state intervention and a continuing original chain.
The DAO: code, governance and the 2016 split
The application incident and the community's response became separate parts of Ethereum history.
The ICO era: selling access to a future product
Fundraising, token rights and paid distribution became tightly connected.
The MiCA migration scam
A real regulatory transition gave impersonators a convincing reason to ask people to move their assets.
Three Arrows Capital collapse
Three Arrows Capital failed in 2022 after leveraged positions and falling collateral left claims it could not meet.