Protocole
Aave
A lending protocol used here to explain collateral health and liquidation. Parameters depend on the specific market and asset.
MASTR
Soutenir le travail
MASTR CRYPTO WIKI
Personnes et projets
Personnes et organisations citées dans les recherches. Chaque entrée explique leur rôle et renvoie aux articles concernés. Leur présence ne constitue pas une accusation.
Les enquêtes et les fiches de référence sont publiées en anglais. La navigation est disponible en sept langues.
Aucune entrée correspondante.
A
Personne
Adam Back
Creator of Hashcash, a proof-of-work system cited in Bitcoin’s design lineage.
Montage d’investissement
AirBit Club
Crypto investment programme prosecuted in the United States as a fraud scheme.
Organisation
Alameda Research
Trading firm at the centre of the FTX customer-fund diversion. The case explains its privileged treatment and related-party exposure.
Personne
Alex Gluchowski
Matter Labs co-founder associated with zkSync.
Personne
Alex Mashinsky
Celsius founder. The linked case covers representations to customers, CEL-related conduct and his May 2025 sentence.
Personne
Anatoly Yakovenko
Solana co-founder associated with the network’s high-throughput account model.
Personne
Andre Cronje
DeFi developer associated with Yearn and several protocol designs. The directory records the role without treating reputation as an audit.
Réseau
Aptos
Move-based smart-contract network with an object and resource-oriented programming model.
Réseau
Arbitrum
Ethereum scaling systems with different data-availability assumptions. Rollup and AnyTrust configurations should not be conflated.
Personne
Arthur Hayes
BitMEX co-founder whose Bank Secrecy Act case is covered as an exchange compliance event.
Réseau de stockage
Arweave
Persistent-data network used by some applications and NFT projects.
Réseau
Avalanche
An ecosystem containing distinct chains and asset routes. An EVM-compatible interface does not identify the complete trust model.
Personne
Avraham Eisenberg
Trader at the centre of the Mango Markets oracle-manipulation case.
B
Protocole
BadgerDAO
Bitcoin-focused DeFi project affected by a compromised frontend.
Institution
Bank for International Settlements
International financial institution publishing research on payments, markets and digital assets.
Personne
Barry Silbert
Digital Currency Group founder. The Genesis Earn file maps the customer, agent and borrower relationship.
Réseau
Base
An Ethereum Layer 2. Familiar account addresses do not make balances or bridged assets interchangeable with other networks.
Protocole de stablecoin
Beanstalk
Protocol affected by a flash-loan-assisted governance takeover.
Personne
Benjamin Delo
BitMEX co-founder named in the exchange’s Bank Secrecy Act proceedings.
Organisation
Binance
Exchange group covered by the 2023 criminal resolution. BNB Chain's protocol properties require a separate analysis.
Réseau
Bitcoin
A proof-of-work network with UTXO-based transactions and a defined issuance schedule.
Montage d’investissement
BitConnect
Lending programme built around promised returns and an alleged trading bot.
Organisation
Bitfinex
Exchange affected by the 2016 theft. The theft prosecution and the CFTC's 2021 order concern different conduct.
Plateforme de produits dérivés
BitMEX
Crypto derivatives venue covered through its Bank Secrecy Act case.
Organisation
BlockFi
Crypto lender covered here through its February 2022 interest-account settlement. The settlement was not an endorsement of the product's safety.
Marché NFT
Blur
NFT marketplace relevant to incentive-driven activity and professional NFT trading.
Réseau
BNB Chain
A blockchain ecosystem analysed separately from Binance's exchange business and legal cases.
Personne
Brad Garlinghouse
Ripple chief executive. The directory distinguishes the company from XRP Ledger’s protocol.
Personne
Brendan Eich
Brave founder and creator of JavaScript; linked here through tokenised attention-market history.
Personne
Brian Armstrong
Coinbase co-founder and chief executive. Custodial access and self-custody remain different control models.
Organisation
Bybit
Exchange affected by the February 2025 theft attributed by the FBI to North Korea.
C
Personne
Cameron Winklevoss
Gemini co-founder. The Earn file distinguishes Gemini’s customer interface from Genesis credit exposure.
Réseau
Cardano
A network using an extended UTXO model. Application rules and custody arrangements still need independent assessment.
Personne
Caroline Ellison
Former Alameda Research chief executive and cooperating witness in the FTX criminal case.
Organisation
Celsius
Crypto lender that paused withdrawals in June 2022 and filed for bankruptcy the next month.
Entreprise de sécurité
CertiK
Audit and monitoring company. Any badge must be checked against version, scope and unresolved findings.
Entreprise d’analyse
Chainalysis
Blockchain analytics company. Its labels are evidence inputs rather than automatic proof of civil identity.
Protocole
Chainlink
Oracle infrastructure. Feed selection, update conditions and downstream validation matter as much as the reported price.
Personne
Changpeng Zhao (CZ)
Binance founder. The article separates his 2023 guilty plea from the company's resolution and subsequent developments.
Personne
Charles Hoskinson
Cardano founder and early Ethereum co-founder. The linked entry covers Cardano’s transaction model.
Personne
Charlie Lee
Litecoin creator. Litecoin adapted Bitcoin’s proof-of-work and issuance design.
Personne
Chris Larsen
Ripple co-founder associated with the development and commercial use of XRP Ledger.
Organisation
Circle
USDC issuer. The SVB episode illustrates the difference between reporting reserve assets and accessing bank cash during a crisis.
Infrastructure Internet
Cloudflare
DNS and web-infrastructure provider. A secure edge does not establish that the destination application is honest.
Plateforme d’échange
Coincheck
Japanese exchange affected by the 2018 NEM theft.
Protocole
Compound
A lending protocol whose 2020 COMP distribution is a milestone in liquidity-mining history.
Réseau
Cosmos
An ecosystem and software framework, rather than a universal shared-security guarantee for every connected chain.
Protocole de prêt
Cream Finance
Lending protocol affected by multiple exploits.
Plateforme d’échange
Cryptopia
New Zealand exchange placed into liquidation after a 2019 theft.
Protocole d’échange
Curve Finance
Stable-asset exchange protocol affected in 2023 through vulnerable Vyper contracts.
D
Personne
Dan Larimer
Developer associated with BitShares, Steem and EOS.
Personne
David Chaum
Cryptographer whose electronic-cash work predates Bitcoin and remains part of digital-money history.
Personne
DJ Khaled
Promoter named in the SEC's 2018 ICO-promotion settlement.
Personne
Do Kwon
Terraform Labs co-founder. The Terra article distinguishes the peg's collapse, the civil case and his December 2025 criminal sentence.
Réseau
Dogecoin
Proof-of-work network created from Litecoin-derived code and later merge-mined with Litecoin.
Personne
Donald Trump
Namesake of the TRUMP token and central figure in the political-crypto projects discussed here. Ownership, fees and conflicts are examined separately from claims of illegality.
Protocole de trading
dYdX
Derivatives protocol relevant to perpetual funding, oracle design and liquidation.
E
Protocole de restaking
EigenLayer
Ethereum restaking system that can create correlated slashing and dependency risk.
Proposition Ethereum
EIP-1559
Ethereum fee-market change introducing a base fee and separate priority fee.
Proposition Ethereum
EIP-7702
Delegation mechanism allowing an externally owned account to execute code under defined conditions.
Personne
Eli Ben-Sasson
StarkWare co-founder and researcher in scalable proof systems.
Entreprise d’analyse
Elliptic
Blockchain analytics company producing investigations and typology research.
Personne
Emin Gün Sirer
Avalanche co-founder and computer-science researcher.
Standard de token
ERC-1155
Multi-token interface supporting fungible and non-fungible assets in one contract.
Standard de token
ERC-20
Fungible-token interface whose allowances and non-standard return behaviour require care.
Standard de compte
ERC-4337
Account-abstraction standard using user operations, bundlers and entry-point validation.
Standard de token
ERC-721
NFT interface defining ownership and transfers while leaving metadata storage choices open.
Personne
Ethan Buchman
Cosmos co-founder and contributor to Tendermint and interchain standards.
Réseau
Ethereum
A programmable settlement network. Its history includes Frontier, the DAO fork, the Merge and data-availability upgrades.
Environnement d’exécution
Ethereum Virtual Machine
Execution model used by Ethereum and several compatible chains. Compatibility does not create shared state or security.
Projet de token
EthereumMax
Token promoted by celebrities and covered by US disclosure enforcement.
Explorateur de blocs
Etherscan
Ethereum explorer used to inspect transactions, code, logs and token approvals.
Protocole de prêt
Euler Finance
Lending protocol affected by a 2023 donation-to-reserves exploit path.
Autorité de régulation
European Banking Authority
EU banking authority with responsibilities under the crypto-asset regulatory framework.
Autorité de régulation
European Securities and Markets Authority
EU markets authority involved in implementing and supervising crypto-asset rules.
Coopération policière et judiciaire
Europol
EU agency coordinating cross-border criminal intelligence, including online investment fraud.
F
Autorité de poursuite
Federal Bureau of Investigation
US agency publishing crypto-fraud guidance and cyber-threat attribution.
Autorité de protection des consommateurs
Federal Trade Commission
US consumer-protection agency publishing warnings about investment, impersonation and payment scams.
Organisme de normalisation
Financial Action Task Force
Intergovernmental body setting global anti-money-laundering standards, including virtual-asset guidance.
Autorité de régulation
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
US financial-intelligence bureau administering anti-money-laundering requirements.
Organisme de normalisation
Financial Stability Board
International body coordinating financial-stability policy, including crypto-asset frameworks.
Recherche et infrastructure
Flashbots
Ethereum research and infrastructure organisation associated with MEV markets and block building.
Personne
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Promoter named in the SEC's 2018 ICO-promotion settlement.
Montage d’investissement
Forsage
Smart-contract programme charged by the SEC as a crypto pyramid and Ponzi scheme.
Organisation
FTX
Crypto exchange whose collapse exposed the misuse of customer funds. Estate distributions are a separate question from ownership of the original deposited assets.
G
Personne
Gary Wang
FTX co-founder and cooperating witness whose testimony concerned exchange code and Alameda privileges.
Personne
Gavin Wood
Ethereum co-founder and author of the Ethereum Yellow Paper; later a Polkadot founder.
Organisation
Gemini
Customer-facing platform in the Earn lending arrangement. The linked article distinguishes the platform, agent and borrower roles.
Organisation
Genesis
Borrower in the Gemini Earn arrangement described in the SEC's January 2023 complaint.
Personne
Gerald Cotten
QuadrigaCX co-founder whose death exposed the exchange’s missing custody and accounting records.
Plateforme de code
GitHub
Code hosting platform used for source and release distribution. Repository ownership and release signing still need verification.
H
Personne
Hal Finney
Cryptographer who received the first recorded Bitcoin transfer from Satoshi Nakamoto.
Bridge
Harmony Horizon
Harmony bridge affected by compromised signing keys in 2022.
Personne
Hayden Adams
Creator of Uniswap. The historical article explains the exchange's launch and the economic role of liquidity pools.
Montage d’investissement
HyperFund
Online investment programme later presented under several names, including HyperVerse.
I
Montage d’investissement
IcomTech
Crypto mining and trading programme prosecuted as a fraud scheme.
Personne
Illia Polosukhin
NEAR co-founder. The directory records protocol authorship without implying that a founder controls every application.
Personne
Ilya Lichtenstein
Bitfinex hacker sentenced in November 2024 for conspiracy to launder the stolen assets.
Plateforme de sécurité
Immunefi
Bug-bounty platform focused on Web3 vulnerabilities and coordinated disclosure.
Organisme de normalisation
Internet Engineering Task Force
Open standards organisation behind many protocols used by wallets, browsers and networks.
Coopération policière et judiciaire
Interpol
International police organisation coordinating notices and cross-border investigations.
Protocole de stockage
IPFS
Content-addressed storage network often referenced by NFT metadata. Availability still depends on retention.
J
Personne
Jae Kwon
Cosmos co-founder associated with Tendermint consensus and interchain architecture.
Personne
Jed McCaleb
Co-founder of Ripple and Stellar and an early Mt. Gox creator before its later ownership.
Personne
Jesse Powell
Kraken co-founder. The directory records exchange history without treating any venue as a substitute for custody analysis.
Protocole de trading
Jupiter
Solana routing and trading infrastructure. Quotes depend on routes, liquidity and transaction construction.
Personne
Justin Sun
Figure named in the SEC's March 2023 TRX and BTT case. The article distinguishes the complaint's allegations from separate celebrity settlements.
K
Personne
Karl Sebastian Greenwood
OneCoin co-founder. The article covers the scheme and his 2023 criminal sentence.
Personne
Kim Kardashian
Promoter named in the SEC's EthereumMax settlement over an undisclosed payment. The settlement concerns the promotional disclosure.
Réseau
Kusama
Polkadot-related canary network with its own governance and economic state.
Protocole d’échange
KyberSwap
Decentralised exchange affected by a concentrated-liquidity exploit.
Personne
Kyle Davies
Three Arrows Capital co-founder. The linked file separates fund exposure from later creditor recovery.
L
Personne
Laszlo Hanyecz
Participant in the 2010 purchase remembered as Bitcoin Pizza Day.
Désignation d’un acteur malveillant
Lazarus Group
Attribution label used by US authorities for North Korean cyber operations, including major crypto thefts.
Fabricant de portefeuilles matériels
Ledger
Hardware-wallet vendor relevant to supply-chain, firmware and recovery threat models.
Protocole de staking
Lido
Liquid-staking protocol issuing receipts against staked assets.
Réseau de paiement
Lightning Network
Bitcoin payment-channel network whose routing and liquidity differ from base-layer settlement.
Réseau
Litecoin
Bitcoin-derived proof-of-work network with different timing and hashing choices.
M
DAO et protocole
MakerDAO
DAO and lending system behind overcollateralised stablecoin debt.
Protocole de trading
Mango Markets
Solana trading venue affected by oracle and collateral manipulation.
Personne
Mark Karpelès
Former Mt. Gox chief executive, central to the exchange history and its long insolvency process.
Recherche
MASTR
Original investigations, workbooks and source notes in this collection. Start with the evidence index or the LAPTOP transaction reconciliations.
Logiciel de portefeuille
MetaMask
Browser and mobile wallet. A familiar interface does not remove signature and approval risk.
Protocole DeFi
Meteora
Solana liquidity protocol. Pool structure, authority and executable depth should be verified at contract level.
Organisation
MGX
Investment firm discussed in the Binance transaction and USD1 payment arrangement. The linked article examines the associated conflict-of-interest questions.
Personne
Michael Saylor
MicroStrategy co-founder associated with a corporate Bitcoin treasury strategy.
Montage d’investissement
Mining Capital Coin
Mining and investment programme charged by US authorities as fraud.
Réseau
Monero
Privacy-focused network using ring signatures, stealth addresses and confidential amounts.
Organisation
Mt. Gox
Failed Bitcoin exchange whose customer recovery process illustrates the long duration of custodial losses.
Bridge
Multichain
Cross-chain service whose 2023 collapse exposed concentrated operational control.
N
Organisme de normalisation
National Institute of Standards and Technology
US standards institution whose security guidance informs authentication and key-management practice.
Réseau
NEAR
Proof-of-stake smart-contract network using sharded execution.
Personne
Nick Szabo
Author of the bit gold proposal and early writing on smart contracts.
Personne
Nishad Singh
Former FTX engineering director and cooperating witness in the FTX case.
Bridge
Nomad
Cross-chain bridge whose 2022 incident followed acceptance of an invalid trusted root.
O
Autorité chargée des sanctions
Office of Foreign Assets Control
US Treasury office administering sanctions, including actions involving crypto addresses and services.
Montage d’investissement
OneCoin
Global scheme marketed as cryptocurrency without the promised public blockchain.
Marché NFT
OpenSea
NFT marketplace used here to distinguish marketplace listings from token identity and metadata persistence.
Entreprise de sécurité
OpenZeppelin
Smart-contract security company and library maintainer. Libraries reduce repeated mistakes but do not prove system safety.
Réseau
Optimism
Ethereum scaling technology whose fault proofs, upgrade powers and withdrawal rules require separate checks.
P
Logiciel de portefeuille
Phantom
Solana wallet interface. Users still need to inspect programmes, token accounts and requested authority.
Montage d’investissement
PlusToken
Investment scheme that promised wallet and return benefits while collecting large crypto deposits.
Réseau
Polkadot
Multichain network using shared relay-chain security for connected parachains.
Bridge
Poly Network
Cross-chain protocol affected by a 2021 exploit involving message and privilege handling.
Réseau
Polygon PoS
A network whose checkpoints are only part of its security model.
Q
Plateforme d’échange
QuadrigaCX
Canadian exchange whose insolvency exposed severe custody and record failures.
R
Personne
Raj Gokal
Solana co-founder and ecosystem executive.
Protocole d’échange
Raydium
Solana exchange and liquidity protocol. Pool identity and token mint addresses must be verified.
Personne
Robert Leshner
Compound founder. Compound appears in the history of token-incentivised lending.
Réseau de bridges
Ronin Network
Gaming-linked network whose bridge validators were compromised in 2022.
Personne
Ross Ulbricht
Founder of the Silk Road marketplace, a major event in Bitcoin’s early public history.
Personne
Ruja Ignatova
OneCoin co-founder promoted as the public face of a system that lacked the promised public blockchain.
Personne
Rune Christensen
MakerDAO co-founder. The related file explains overcollateralised stablecoin debt.
Langage de programmation
Rust
Systems language widely used in Solana and other blockchain software. Language safety does not replace authority analysis.
Personne
Ryan Salame
Former FTX Digital Markets executive whose case is separate from the technical account privileges examined here.
S
Protocole
Safe
Smart-account infrastructure supporting threshold-based ownership and optional extensions. Modules can create additional execution routes.
Projet de token
SafeMoon
Token project examined through US criminal allegations concerning liquidity-pool assets.
Personne
Sam Bankman-Fried
FTX founder. The FTX article covers his criminal conviction, the March 2024 sentence and the use of customer funds.
Personne
Samuel Reed
BitMEX co-founder named in the exchange’s Bank Secrecy Act proceedings.
Personne
Satish Kumbhani
BitConnect founder named in the US indictment. The article describes the allegations as allegations, not a conviction.
Personne
Satoshi Nakamoto
Pseudonymous author of the Bitcoin white paper. The name identifies the published authorship, not a verified civil identity.
Personne
Sergey Nazarov
Chainlink co-founder. Oracle security depends on feed design and downstream validation.
Personne
Sergio Demian Lerner
Security researcher known for early Bitcoin mining analysis. Attribution hypotheses remain distinct from verified identity.
Organisation
Silicon Valley Bank
Bank whose March 2023 failure affected confidence in USDC's access to part of its reserve cash.
Réseau
Solana
A network with account-based programmes and distinct token authorities. Asset identity and account control require more than a ticker.
Langage de programmation
Solidity
Dominant EVM smart-contract language. Compiler version, storage layout and call behaviour affect risk.
Explorateur de blocs
Solscan
Solana explorer used to inspect accounts, instructions and token authorities.
Programme de tokens
SPL Token
Original Solana token programme governing mints, accounts and authorities.
Personne
Stani Kulechov
Aave founder. The linked material focuses on collateral, health factors and liquidation.
Réseau
Stellar
Payment-focused ledger supporting native and issued assets.
Personne
Stephen Ehrlich
Former Voyager Digital chief executive. The linked file explains the broker, lender and customer relationship.
Personne
Su Zhu
Three Arrows Capital co-founder. The linked file concerns the fund’s leverage and creditor collapse.
Réseau
Sui
A network with an object-based model for assets and ownership.
T
Organisation
Terraform Labs
Company behind Terra and UST. The linked case covers both system mechanics and findings concerning its representations.
Organisation
Tether
Stablecoin issuer examined through the CFTC's historical reserve-representation findings. Those findings do not establish today's reserve position.
DAO
The DAO
2016 Ethereum investment vehicle whose exploit led to a disputed chain fork.
Fonds
Three Arrows Capital
Crypto hedge fund whose 2022 collapse transmitted losses to lenders and brokers.
Programme de tokens
Token-2022
Extended Solana token programme supporting additional controls and transfer behaviour.
Protocole logiciel
Tornado Cash
Privacy software and sanctions case that raises distinct questions about code, services and operator conduct.
Entreprise de sécurité
Trail of Bits
Security research and engineering company whose work includes smart contracts and cryptography.
Fabricant de portefeuilles matériels
Trezor
Hardware-wallet vendor relevant to device authenticity, firmware and seed handling.
Entreprise d’analyse
TRM Labs
Blockchain intelligence company producing risk and attribution research.
Réseau
TRON
A network whose resource model and token controls matter when assessing transfers and stablecoin exposure.
Personne
Tyler Winklevoss
Gemini co-founder. The Earn file separates platform branding from the underlying lending chain.
U
Protocole
Uniswap
An automated exchange protocol family. The wiki separates its launch, constant-product pool arithmetic and liquidity-provider returns.
Autorité de régulation
US Commodity Futures Trading Commission
US derivatives regulator with digital-asset enforcement and market-integrity responsibilities.
Autorité de poursuite
US Department of Justice
US department responsible for federal criminal prosecutions cited across exchange, fraud and laundering cases.
Autorité de régulation
US Securities and Exchange Commission
US markets regulator whose complaints, orders and settlements are primary records for several cases in the wiki.
V
Personne
Vitalik Buterin
Ethereum co-founder and author whose work shaped programmable blockchain design.
Courtier et prêteur
Voyager Digital
Crypto broker and lender whose failure exposed customer assets to borrower and bankruptcy risk.
Langage de programmation
Vyper
Smart-contract language whose compiler vulnerabilities were involved in the 2023 Curve incident.
W
Protocole de connexion
WalletConnect
Wallet connection protocol whose sessions can be abused by hostile interfaces.
Personne
Wei Dai
Author of the b-money proposal cited in Bitcoin’s design history.
Organisation
World Liberty Financial
Crypto project connected to the USD1 discussion. The research follows the stated relationships and transaction structure.
Organisme de normalisation
World Wide Web Consortium
Web standards organisation. Browser security boundaries remain relevant to every crypto frontend.
Bridge
Wormhole
Cross-chain messaging system affected by a 2022 verification failure.
X
Réseau
XRP Ledger
A ledger supporting XRP and issued assets. Issuer-specific rights and controls remain relevant for issued tokens.
Y
Protocole de rendement
Yearn Finance
DeFi yield system associated with vault strategies. Strategy dependencies determine where returns and losses arise.
Z
Réseau
Zcash
Network supporting shielded transfers through zero-knowledge proofs.