MASTR CRYPTO WIKI
Événements, mises à jour et affaires par ordre chronologique. Chaque entrée renvoie à un article et à sa source. Les dates correspondent à l’événement indiqué, pas au début de tous les différends associés.
Les enquêtes et les fiches de référence sont publiées en anglais. La navigation est disponible en sept langues.
Aucune entrée correspondante.
Foundations
David Chaum’s blind-signature work separates issuer authorisation from visibility of the unblinded payment token. This is a research contribution, not a decentralised currency launch.
Before Bitcoin: privacy, digital cash and the missing agreementPrimary source ↗
Fondements
Haber and Stornetta describe techniques for time-stamping digital documents, an important precursor to later chained records.
Pour approfondir : The historical references are a reading routeBitcoin white paper · references
Foundations
Eric Hughes connects privacy, cryptography and building practical systems. The manifesto is a statement of aims, not a blockchain specification.
Before Bitcoin: privacy, digital cash and the missing agreementPrimary source ↗
Fondements
Adam Back proposes Hashcash, a proof-of-work system later referenced in Bitcoin's design.
Pour approfondir : The historical references are a reading routeBitcoin white paper · references
Fondements
Wei Dai describes an electronic cash proposal using a distributed database and pseudonymous participants.
Pour approfondir : The historical references are a reading routeBitcoin white paper · references
Fondements
Hal Finney develops RPOW, combining proof-of-work tokens with a trusted execution component.
Pour approfondir : Minage de Bitcoin et preuve de travailBitcoin developer documentation
Foundations
Nick Szabo describes a design combining proof of work, timestamps and ownership records. Publication of a proposal is different from a production network launch.
Before Bitcoin: privacy, digital cash and the missing agreementPrimary source ↗
Fondements
Satoshi Nakamoto describes peer-to-peer electronic cash and a proof-of-work solution to double spending.
Pour approfondir : Reading the Bitcoin white paper: what each part actually solvesBitcoin white paper · original PDF
Fondements
Bitcoin's first block marks the beginning of its chain history.
Pour approfondir : 2008–2009: Bitcoin and the problem of double spendingBitcoin developer guide: block chain and consensus
Bitcoin
Satoshi Nakamoto sends bitcoin to Hal Finney in an early network transaction.
Pour approfondir : 2008–2009: Bitcoin and the problem of double spendingBitcoin developer documentation
Bitcoin
A forum-arranged purchase exchanges 10,000 BTC for 2 pizzas, becoming an early price and payment milestone.
Pour approfondir : Bitcoin: settlement, mining and custodyRelated article and source record
Conservation des actifs
An account compromise and abnormal trading expose how a centralised venue can fail independently of Bitcoin.
Pour approfondir : Mt. Gox: the long tail of a custody failureRelated article and source record
Réseaux
Litecoin adapts Bitcoin's design with different hashing and timing parameters.
Bitcoin
The specification records this assignment date for deriving a hierarchy of keys from a seed. Public-key derivation and private spending authority have different exposure risks.
Smart accounts: recovery, delegation and the new control mapPrimary source ↗
Entreprises
Coinbase begins as a hosted service for buying and holding bitcoin, part of the expansion of custodial access.
Pour approfondir : Custody: what you control and what you depend onRelated article and source record
Protocole
The block subsidy falls from 50 to 25 BTC at height 210,000.
Pour approfondir : Bitcoin halvings: a programmed subsidy reductionBitcoin Core: subsidy and block validation implementation
Réseaux
The XRP Ledger's early history develops around validators and issued assets rather than proof-of-work mining.
Pour approfondir : XRP Ledger: validators, XRP and issued assetsRelated article and source record
Bitcoin
The specification records this assignment date for converting entropy into a mnemonic and deriving a seed. A readable backup phrase remains security-critical key material.
Smart accounts: recovery, delegation and the new control mapPrimary source ↗
Culture
Dogecoin turns an internet meme into a proof-of-work cryptocurrency and later a major speculation culture.
Pour approfondir : DogecoinRelated article and source record
Réseaux
Ethereum's programmable blockchain design is introduced before the 2015 Frontier launch.
Pour approfondir : 2015: Ethereum makes shared computation a public serviceEthereum Foundation: Frontier launch, 30 July 2015
Conservation des actifs
The exchange's collapse leaves customers facing a lengthy insolvency and rehabilitation process.
Pour approfondir : Mt. Gox: the long tail of a custody failureMt. Gox trustee: official rehabilitation notices
Réglementation
New York proposes a licensing framework for virtual currency businesses, starting a major US state regulatory model.
Pour approfondir : Checking a crypto-provider authorisationRelated article and source record
Stablecoins
Realcoin, later renamed Tether, introduces a dollar-linked token model whose reserve representations later draw enforcement scrutiny.
Pour approfondir : 2021: Tether's reserve representations face an enforcement findingCFTC: Tether and Bitfinex orders, 15 October 2021
Stablecoins
Maker's development leads toward overcollateralised DAI and onchain liquidation mechanics.
Pour approfondir : Overcollateralised debt positionsUniswap protocol concepts
Protocole
Ethereum's first live release introduces its programmable execution environment.
Pour approfondir : 2015: Ethereum makes shared computation a public serviceEthereum Foundation: Frontier launch, 30 July 2015
Ethereum
The proposal’s creation date marks work on common balance, transfer and allowance interfaces. Compatibility does not prove fair issuance, sound economics or a safe implementation.
Programmable money: why token standards changed the industryPrimary source ↗
Sécurité
The incident leads to competing proposals for handling the affected funds.
Pour approfondir : The DAO: code, governance and the 2016 splitSEC: The DAO investigative report, 25 July 2017Pour approfondir : The DAO exploit and Ethereum fork
Protocole
The subsidy falls from 25 to 12.5 BTC at height 420,000.
Pour approfondir : Bitcoin halvings: a programmed subsidy reductionBitcoin Core: subsidy and block validation implementation
Protocole
Ethereum's fork changes state following The DAO incident; the original chain continues separately.
Pour approfondir : The DAO: code, governance and the 2016 splitEthereum: network history and forks
Sécurité
The theft becomes the underlying offence in a later US money-laundering prosecution.
Pour approfondir : 2016–2024: the Bitfinex theft, laundering and later sentencingUS DOJ: Bitfinex laundering sentence, 14 November 2024
Vie privée
Zcash launches with shielded transaction technology alongside transparent transaction modes.
Pour approfondir : ZcashEthereum documentation: Transactions
Marchés
Token sales expand rapidly, often financing future products before usable networks exist.
Pour approfondir : The ICO era: selling access to a future productRelated article and source record
Procédures des autorités
The report examines when token offerings fall within securities law.
Pour approfondir : The ICO era: selling access to a future productSEC: The DAO investigative report, 25 July 2017
Protocole
Witness commitments and new transaction-weight rules change Bitcoin transaction accounting.
Pour approfondir : 2017: SegWit changes Bitcoin transaction accountingBitcoin BIP141: Segregated Witness
Réglementation
Chinese authorities announce restrictions that reshape exchange access and mining geography over later years.
Pour approfondir : Checking a crypto-provider authorisationRelated article and source record
Applications
A popular NFT application demonstrates how 1 application can consume meaningful shared-chain capacity.
Pour approfondir : Gas limits and execution costEthereum.org: gas and fees
Conservation des actifs
The Japanese exchange reports a large theft from its custody environment.
Pour approfondir : Coincheck NEM theftRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
Ethereum
The proposal formalises ownership and transfer of non-fungible tokens. It does not by itself guarantee media persistence, creator identity or a particular licence.
NFTs after the boom: the token, the artwork and the permissionPrimary source ↗
Arnaques
BitConnect's lending programme ends amid regulatory action and later criminal allegations.
Pour approfondir : BitConnect lending programmeUS DOJ: BitConnect founder indictment, 25 February 2022
Promotion
US authorities pursue conduct around the Centra ICO, including later promoter settlements.
Pour approfondir : Mayweather and Khaled ICO promotionsSEC: Floyd Mayweather and DJ Khaled settlements, 29 November 2018
Protocole
Lightning Labs announces its beta, an early deployment milestone for payment channels.
Pour approfondir : 2018: Lightning reaches a mainnet betaLightning Labs: first lnd mainnet beta, 15 March 2018
Security
The public notice explains a denial-of-service vulnerability and its inflation implications. Fixed releases preceded this disclosure; a software bug must be distinguished from an intended monetary rule.
Bitcoin’s early lesson: money rules need independent verificationPrimary source ↗
Marchés
An automated exchange built around liquidity pools goes live on Ethereum.
Pour approfondir : 2018: Uniswap makes pooled liquidity a trading venueUniswap Labs: protocol history
Procédures des autorités
SEC orders address undisclosed payments for promoting ICO investments.
Pour approfondir : Floyd Mayweather, DJ Khaled and ICO promotionSEC: Floyd Mayweather and DJ Khaled settlements, 29 November 2018
Conservation des actifs
Cryptopia reports a security breach before entering liquidation later in 2019.
Pour approfondir : Cryptopia exchange liquidationGrant Thornton New Zealand: Cryptopia updates
Conservation des actifs
QuadrigaCX enters court proceedings while customer asset access and records remain unresolved.
Pour approfondir : QuadrigaCX and the missing custody recordOntario Securities Commission: QuadrigaCX report
Réseaux
The proposed global stablecoin project triggers policy resistance and is later reworked and abandoned.
Pour approfondir : Stablecoin reserve modelsUniswap protocol concepts
Arnaques
PlusToken users lose access as authorities and analysts trace a large recruitment-driven crypto scheme.
Pour approfondir : PlusToken investment schemeFBI IC3: cryptocurrency fraud and reporting
Réseaux
Solana's mainnet beta starts, establishing its account and programme execution model.
Pour approfondir : Solana: wallets, token accounts and authoritySolana documentation: accounts
Protocole
The subsidy falls from 12.5 to 6.25 BTC at height 630,000.
Pour approfondir : Bitcoin halvings: a programmed subsidy reductionBitcoin Core: subsidy and block validation implementation
Marchés
Compound's governance-token incentives help accelerate liquidity-mining activity.
Pour approfondir : 2020: liquidity mining turns usage into a token rewardCoinDesk: COMP distribution and governance changes, 30 June 2020
Arnaques
US criminal proceedings expose claims of mining and trading returns unsupported by the real money flow.
Pour approfondir : AirBit ClubDOJ: National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team archive
Marchés
Liquidity incentives move assets from Uniswap into SushiSwap and show how token rewards can redirect protocol usage.
Pour approfondir : 2020: liquidity mining turns usage into a token rewardUniswap protocol concepts
Protocole
Proof-of-stake consensus begins operating before its later merger with Ethereum execution.
Pour approfondir : 2022: Ethereum replaces mining with proof of stakeEthereum: network history and forks
Culture
NFT trading and profile-picture collections turn token ownership into a mass-market identity and speculation product.
Pour approfondir : 2021: the NFT boom connects provenance, art and speculationERC-721: non-fungible token interface
Marchés
Christie's sale becomes a prominent milestone in the NFT market's expansion.
Pour approfondir : 2021: the NFT boom connects provenance, art and speculationChristie's: Beeple auction history
Entreprises
A major US crypto exchange lists shares on Nasdaq, marking deeper contact with public equity markets.
Pour approfondir : Custody: what you control and what you depend onRelated article and source record
Marchés
Dogecoin and newer tokens demonstrate how social distribution can overwhelm conventional valuation narratives.
Pour approfondir : Manufactured social proofRelated article and source record
Sécurité
A privileged cross-chain path is exploited; much of the transferred value is later returned.
Pour approfondir : Poly Network cross-chain exploitRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
Protocole
EIP-1559 introduces a burned base fee and new transaction fee settings.
Pour approfondir : 2021: EIP-1559 changes Ethereum fees and introduces base-fee burningEthereum: network history and forks
Ethereum
The proposal’s creation date precedes later deployments and revisions. User operations, bundlers and an entry-point contract move account features into programmable validation.
Smart accounts: recovery, delegation and the new control mapPrimary source ↗
Ethereum
The proposed authentication format binds a message to a service context and nonce. Signing in with a key is distinct from authorising a token transfer.
Names and sign-in: readable identity without assuming trustPrimary source ↗
Procédures des autorités
The orders address historical reserve representations and retail commodity transactions.
Pour approfondir : 2021: Tether's reserve representations face an enforcement findingCFTC: Tether and Bitfinex orders, 15 October 2021
Protocole
Bitcoin adds Schnorr signatures and Taproot spending rules at height 709,632.
Pour approfondir : 2021: Taproot changes Bitcoin's spending pathsBitcoin BIP341: Taproot
Sécurité
Users approve hostile transactions delivered through compromised web infrastructure.
Pour approfondir : BadgerDAO frontend compromiseRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
Sécurité
A verification failure allows unbacked wrapped ETH to be minted on Solana.
Pour approfondir : Wormhole message-verification failureRekt: Wormhole incident analysis
Procédures des autorités
BlockFi agrees to $100 million in combined SEC and state penalties.
Pour approfondir : 2022: BlockFi and the regulation of crypto interest accountsSEC: BlockFi lending-product settlement, 14 February 2022
Procédures des autorités
US prosecutors allege a global investment-fraud scheme; an indictment is an allegation.
Pour approfondir : BitConnect: promised returns and the supposed trading botUS DOJ: BitConnect founder indictment, 25 February 2022
Sécurité
A bridge compromise is later attributed by the FBI to North Korean actors.
Pour approfondir : Ronin: bridge theft and attributionFBI: attribution of the 2022 Ronin theft
Gouvernance
Borrowed voting power is used to approve treasury-draining execution in 1 transaction.
Pour approfondir : Beanstalk governance takeoverRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
Marchés
Terra's redemption mechanism and market confidence break down.
Pour approfondir : Terra and UST: the peg, the collapse and the fraud casesSEC: Terraform / Kwon civil fraud verdict and settlement, 13 June 2024
Crédit
Leveraged fund exposures spread losses into lenders and customer-facing platforms.
Pour approfondir : Three Arrows Capital collapseRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
Sécurité
Compromised validator control enables unauthorised bridge withdrawals.
Pour approfondir : Harmony Horizon bridgeRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
Conservation des actifs
Customers lose access to assets before the lender enters bankruptcy.
Pour approfondir : 2022–2025: Celsius, promised yield and CEL price supportUS DOJ: Mashinsky sentencing, 8 May 2025
Crédit
Voyager's customer product fails after counterparty lending exposure becomes uncollectable.
Pour approfondir : Voyager Digital collapseFTC: Voyager Digital settlement and Stephen Ehrlich suit
Conservation des actifs
The filing follows its withdrawal freeze.
Pour approfondir : 2022–2025: Celsius, promised yield and CEL price supportUS DOJ: Mashinsky sentencing, 8 May 2025
Sécurité
A trusted-root error makes a withdrawal pattern reproducible by many addresses.
Pour approfondir : Nomad trusted-root failureRekt: Nomad incident analysis
Protocole
Ethereum's execution layer moves to Beacon Chain proof-of-stake consensus.
Pour approfondir : 2022: Ethereum replaces mining with proof of stakeEthereum Foundation: mainnet Merge announcement
Marchés
Trades increase collateral value before assets are borrowed from the platform.
Pour approfondir : Mango Markets oracle manipulationCFTC: digital-asset derivatives enforcement record
Procédures des autorités
The SEC addresses an undisclosed $250,000 payment for an EthereumMax promotion.
Pour approfondir : Kim Kardashian and EthereumMaxSEC: Kim Kardashian EthereumMax settlement, 3 October 2022
Conservation des actifs
Withdrawal pressure reveals a customer-asset shortfall and intertwined exposure to Alameda.
Pour approfondir : FTX and Alameda: customer money, privileged accounts and the bankruptcyUS DOJ: Samuel Bankman-Fried sentencing, 28 March 2024
Conservation des actifs
Gemini Earn customers are affected by their lending exposure to Genesis.
Pour approfondir : 2021–2023: Gemini Earn connects a retail interface to Genesis credit riskSEC: Genesis and Gemini Earn complaint, 12 January 2023
Conservation des actifs
The collapse reveals privileged affiliate access and a customer-asset shortfall.
Pour approfondir : FTX : les privilèges accordés à AlamedaSEC: FTX investor-fraud complaint, 13 December 2022
Arnaques
US cases describe mining and trading claims used to support a Ponzi scheme.
Pour approfondir : IcomTechDOJ: National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team archive
Procédures des autorités
The complaint describes alleged customer-fund diversion and special treatment for Alameda.
Pour approfondir : FTX : les privilèges accordés à AlamedaSEC: FTX investor-fraud complaint, 13 December 2022
Procédures des autorités
The complaint concerns the offer and sale of the Gemini Earn lending product.
Pour approfondir : 2021–2023: Gemini Earn connects a retail interface to Genesis credit riskSEC: Genesis and Gemini Earn complaint, 12 January 2023
Arnaques
US authorities pursue founders of the smart-contract recruitment scheme.
Pour approfondir : Forsage smart-contract pyramidSEC: charges concerning Forsage, 1 August 2022
Marchés
Disclosure of reserve cash at Silicon Valley Bank prompts concern about access to backing.
Pour approfondir : 2023: USDC's peg encounters a banking failureCircle: reserve access and the March 2023 depeg
Promotion
The SEC files its complaint and announces settlements with several promoters.
Pour approfondir : TRX and BTT celebrity promotion casesSEC: TRX / BTT allegations and celebrity settlements, 22 March 2023
Sécurité
A lending-accounting path is exploited using atomic liquidity and complex position changes.
Pour approfondir : Euler donation-to-reserves exploitRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
Politique
The announcement covers depositors at Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank.
Pour approfondir : 2023: USDC's peg encounters a banking failureTreasury, Federal Reserve and FDIC: joint statement, 12 March 2023
Procédures des autorités
The SEC announces charges and celebrity settlements concerning promotion and other alleged conduct.
Pour approfondir : TRX and BTT: the 2023 celebrity-promotion casesSEC: TRX / BTT allegations and celebrity settlements, 22 March 2023
Protocole
Ethereum enables validator withdrawals, subject to its withdrawal rules.
Pour approfondir : 2023: Shapella enables staking withdrawalsEthereum Foundation: Shapella announcement
Sécurité
Specific pools using vulnerable Vyper versions suffer reentrancy-related losses.
Pour approfondir : Curve Vyper reentrancy incidentRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
Bridges
Large movements and operational silence create uncertainty about control of bridge assets.
Pour approfondir : Multichain bridge collapseRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
Procédures des autorités
Karl Sebastian Greenwood receives a 20-year prison sentence.
Pour approfondir : OneCoin: a cryptocurrency story without the promised systemUS DOJ: OneCoin co-founder Greenwood sentenced, 12 September 2023
Crédit
The FTC permanently bans Voyager from handling consumer assets and sues former CEO Stephen Ehrlich.
Pour approfondir : Voyager Digital collapseFTC: Voyager Digital settlement and Stephen Ehrlich suit
Sécurité
Complex concentrated-liquidity accounting is manipulated across affected pools.
Pour approfondir : KyberSwap concentrated-liquidity exploitRekt: incident leaderboard and archive
Tokens
US criminal and civil actions challenge claims concerning liquidity and its control.
Pour approfondir : SafeMoon: the liquidity claim, conviction and 2026 sentenceReuters: SafeMoon executives charged, 1 November 2023
Procédures des autorités
The resolutions establish specified compliance offences, not every allegation ever made about the exchange.
Pour approfondir : Binance and CZ: what the 2023 guilty pleas establishedUS DOJ: Binance and Zhao guilty pleas, 21 November 2023
Arnaques
US authorities allege a large recruitment-driven investment scheme operating under several names.
Pour approfondir : HyperFund and HyperVerseDOJ: National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team archive
Politique
The SEC approves exchange rule changes permitting the products' listing and trading.
Pour approfondir : 2024: US spot Bitcoin ETPs change the access routeSEC: spot Bitcoin ETP approval statement, 10 January 2024
Protocole
Ethereum introduces blobs and a separate data fee market through EIP-4844.
Pour approfondir : 2024: Dencun gives rollups a separate data marketEthereum Foundation: Dencun announcement
Procédures des autorités
A US court imposes a 25-year prison sentence following his fraud conviction.
Pour approfondir : FTX and Alameda: customer money, privileged accounts and the bankruptcyUS DOJ: Samuel Bankman-Fried sentencing, 28 March 2024
Bitcoin
A fungible-token protocol begins at Bitcoin block 840,000, increasing competition for block space.
Pour approfondir : Gas limits and execution costEthereum.org: gas and fees
Protocole
The subsidy falls from 6.25 to 3.125 BTC at height 840,000.
Pour approfondir : Bitcoin halvings: a programmed subsidy reductionBitcoin.org: halving dates and subsidy schedule
Procédures des autorités
The SEC announces a settlement following the civil fraud verdict.
Pour approfondir : Terra and UST: the peg, the collapse and the fraud casesSEC: Terraform / Kwon civil fraud verdict and settlement, 13 June 2024
Politique
Parts of the EU Markets in Crypto-Assets regime begin applying to asset-referenced and electronic-money tokens.
Pour approfondir : Checking a crypto-provider authorisationRelated article and source record
Conservation des actifs
The announced plan distinguishes allowed dollar claims from the return of the original coins.
Pour approfondir : FTX bankruptcy-claim valuationFTX estate: confirmed reorganisation plan, 7 October 2024
Procédures des autorités
Ilya Lichtenstein receives five years for the money-laundering conspiracy.
Pour approfondir : 2016–2024: the Bitfinex theft, laundering and later sentencingUS DOJ: Bitfinex laundering sentence, 14 November 2024
Politique
The wider EU crypto-asset service-provider framework begins applying, subject to transitional rules.
Pour approfondir : Checking a crypto-provider authorisationRelated article and source record
The official attribution follows a fake coding test through session impersonation to a manipulated transaction request.
Pour approfondir : DMM Bitcoin, 2024: a recruitment lure reached a custody workflowFBI, DC3 and Japan NPA attribution, 23 December 2024
Procédures des autorités
A US court sentences the exchange after its Bank Secrecy Act guilty plea.
Pour approfondir : BitMEX Bank Secrecy Act caseDOJ: BitMEX fined for Bank Secrecy Act violation
Sécurité
The FBI attributes a major exchange theft to North Korean TraderTraitor actors.
Pour approfondir : Bybit February 2025 theftFBI: Bybit theft attribution, 26 February 2025
Sécurité
A major digital-asset theft is attributed by the FBI to North Korea days later.
Pour approfondir : 2025: the Bybit theft and the limits of a transaction signatureFBI: Bybit theft attribution, 26 February 2025
The sanctions designation, its removal and cases against individuals are separate legal events.
Pour approfondir : Tornado Cash: the 2025 delisting belongs in the history tooUS Treasury delisting, 21 March 2025
Procédures des autorités
The Celsius founder receives a 12-year US prison sentence after his guilty plea.
Pour approfondir : Celsius CEL market supportUS DOJ: Mashinsky sentencing, 8 May 2025
Ethereum
Ethereum activates changes including account and validator features after testing and coordination.
Pour approfondir : Smart-account validationERC-4337: account abstraction
Procédures des autorités
Alex Mashinsky receives 12 years after pleading guilty to fraud offences.
Pour approfondir : 2022–2025: Celsius, promised yield and CEL price supportUS DOJ: Mashinsky sentencing, 8 May 2025
Procédures des autorités
Kwon pleads guilty in the US criminal case arising from representations around Terra.
Pour approfondir : Terra and UST: the peg, the collapse and the fraud casesSEC: Terraform / Kwon civil fraud verdict and settlement, 13 June 2024
Procédures des autorités
A US court imposes a 15-year sentence.
Pour approfondir : Terra and UST: the peg, the collapse and the fraud casesSEC: Terraform / Kwon civil fraud verdict and settlement, 13 June 2024
Procédures des autorités
Kwon receives 15 years after his August guilty plea in the US criminal case.
Pour approfondir : Terra and UST: the peg, the collapse and the fraud casesUS DOJ: Do Kwon sentencing, 11 December 2025
Politique
The SEC and Gemini agree to dismiss the Earn case after full in-kind customer recovery through Genesis bankruptcy.
Pour approfondir : Genesis and Gemini Earn structureSEC: Genesis and Gemini Earn complaint, 12 January 2023
The legal record concerns access to supposedly locked liquidity and diversion of investor assets.
Pour approfondir : SafeMoon: the liquidity claim, conviction and 2026 sentenceUS DOJ sentence announcement, 10 February 2026
Research infrastructure
The paper analyses selected token activity before and after migration. Its cohort and measurement rules define the scope; the findings are not a census of every launch.
The launch economy: bots, bundles and the meaning of a holder countPrimary source ↗
Données sur la fraude
The FBI publishes loss data showing the continuing scale of investment and impersonation fraud.
Pour approfondir : Relationship investment fraudFBI IC3: cryptocurrency fraud and reporting
The compensation announcement describes recovered assets and a claims process, not a reversal of the original losses.
Pour approfondir : OneCoin, 2026: asset recovery is not the same as repaying every victimFBI claims notice, 25 June 2026
Research infrastructure
Demystifying Solana Trading Bots examines public bot repositories and traced transactions. Its sample provides evidence about observed behaviour without completely revealing private infrastructure.
The launch economy: bots, bundles and the meaning of a holder countPrimary source ↗
Recherches MASTR
MASTR publishes direct observations about incentives, representatives and exchange-linked flows on X.
Pour approfondir : MASTR on X: incentives, influence and exchange flowsRelated article and source record
Recherches MASTR
Saved workbooks reconcile launch inventory, claim wallets and completed sales rather than relying on screenshots.
Pour approfondir : LAPTOP: pre-launch inventory and $2.34 million in sale receiptsRelated article and source record
Recherches MASTR
MASTR's saved records reconcile launch inventory, claims and completed sales.
Pour approfondir : LAPTOP: pre-launch inventory and $2.34 million in sale receiptsMASTR: LAPTOP independent onchain reconstruction, 9 September 2026