Protocolo
Aave
A lending protocol used here to explain collateral health and liquidation. Parameters depend on the specific market and asset.
MASTR
Apoyar el trabajo
MASTR CRYPTO WIKI
Personas y proyectos
Personas y organizaciones mencionadas en las investigaciones. Cada entrada explica su papel y enlaza a los artículos pertinentes. Su inclusión no implica una conducta ilícita.
Los artículos de investigación y las referencias se publican en inglés. La navegación está disponible en siete idiomas.
No hay entradas coincidentes.
A
Persona
Adam Back
Creator of Hashcash, a proof-of-work system cited in Bitcoin’s design lineage.
Esquema de inversión
AirBit Club
Crypto investment programme prosecuted in the United States as a fraud scheme.
Organización
Alameda Research
Trading firm at the centre of the FTX customer-fund diversion. The case explains its privileged treatment and related-party exposure.
Persona
Alex Gluchowski
Matter Labs co-founder associated with zkSync.
Persona
Alex Mashinsky
Celsius founder. The linked case covers representations to customers, CEL-related conduct and his May 2025 sentence.
Persona
Anatoly Yakovenko
Solana co-founder associated with the network’s high-throughput account model.
Persona
Andre Cronje
DeFi developer associated with Yearn and several protocol designs. The directory records the role without treating reputation as an audit.
Red
Aptos
Move-based smart-contract network with an object and resource-oriented programming model.
Red
Arbitrum
Ethereum scaling systems with different data-availability assumptions. Rollup and AnyTrust configurations should not be conflated.
Persona
Arthur Hayes
BitMEX co-founder whose Bank Secrecy Act case is covered as an exchange compliance event.
Red de almacenamiento
Arweave
Persistent-data network used by some applications and NFT projects.
Red
Avalanche
An ecosystem containing distinct chains and asset routes. An EVM-compatible interface does not identify the complete trust model.
Persona
Avraham Eisenberg
Trader at the centre of the Mango Markets oracle-manipulation case.
B
Protocolo
BadgerDAO
Bitcoin-focused DeFi project affected by a compromised frontend.
Institución
Bank for International Settlements
International financial institution publishing research on payments, markets and digital assets.
Persona
Barry Silbert
Digital Currency Group founder. The Genesis Earn file maps the customer, agent and borrower relationship.
Red
Base
An Ethereum Layer 2. Familiar account addresses do not make balances or bridged assets interchangeable with other networks.
Protocolo de stablecoins
Beanstalk
Protocol affected by a flash-loan-assisted governance takeover.
Persona
Benjamin Delo
BitMEX co-founder named in the exchange’s Bank Secrecy Act proceedings.
Organización
Binance
Exchange group covered by the 2023 criminal resolution. BNB Chain's protocol properties require a separate analysis.
Red
Bitcoin
A proof-of-work network with UTXO-based transactions and a defined issuance schedule.
Esquema de inversión
BitConnect
Lending programme built around promised returns and an alleged trading bot.
Organización
Bitfinex
Exchange affected by the 2016 theft. The theft prosecution and the CFTC's 2021 order concern different conduct.
Plataforma de derivados
BitMEX
Crypto derivatives venue covered through its Bank Secrecy Act case.
Organización
BlockFi
Crypto lender covered here through its February 2022 interest-account settlement. The settlement was not an endorsement of the product's safety.
Mercado de NFT
Blur
NFT marketplace relevant to incentive-driven activity and professional NFT trading.
Red
BNB Chain
A blockchain ecosystem analysed separately from Binance's exchange business and legal cases.
Persona
Brad Garlinghouse
Ripple chief executive. The directory distinguishes the company from XRP Ledger’s protocol.
Persona
Brendan Eich
Brave founder and creator of JavaScript; linked here through tokenised attention-market history.
Persona
Brian Armstrong
Coinbase co-founder and chief executive. Custodial access and self-custody remain different control models.
Organización
Bybit
Exchange affected by the February 2025 theft attributed by the FBI to North Korea.
C
Persona
Cameron Winklevoss
Gemini co-founder. The Earn file distinguishes Gemini’s customer interface from Genesis credit exposure.
Red
Cardano
A network using an extended UTXO model. Application rules and custody arrangements still need independent assessment.
Persona
Caroline Ellison
Former Alameda Research chief executive and cooperating witness in the FTX criminal case.
Organización
Celsius
Crypto lender that paused withdrawals in June 2022 and filed for bankruptcy the next month.
Empresa de seguridad
CertiK
Audit and monitoring company. Any badge must be checked against version, scope and unresolved findings.
Empresa de análisis
Chainalysis
Blockchain analytics company. Its labels are evidence inputs rather than automatic proof of civil identity.
Protocolo
Chainlink
Oracle infrastructure. Feed selection, update conditions and downstream validation matter as much as the reported price.
Persona
Changpeng Zhao (CZ)
Binance founder. The article separates his 2023 guilty plea from the company's resolution and subsequent developments.
Persona
Charles Hoskinson
Cardano founder and early Ethereum co-founder. The linked entry covers Cardano’s transaction model.
Persona
Charlie Lee
Litecoin creator. Litecoin adapted Bitcoin’s proof-of-work and issuance design.
Persona
Chris Larsen
Ripple co-founder associated with the development and commercial use of XRP Ledger.
Organización
Circle
USDC issuer. The SVB episode illustrates the difference between reporting reserve assets and accessing bank cash during a crisis.
Infraestructura de Internet
Cloudflare
DNS and web-infrastructure provider. A secure edge does not establish that the destination application is honest.
Plataforma de intercambio
Coincheck
Japanese exchange affected by the 2018 NEM theft.
Protocolo
Compound
A lending protocol whose 2020 COMP distribution is a milestone in liquidity-mining history.
Red
Cosmos
An ecosystem and software framework, rather than a universal shared-security guarantee for every connected chain.
Protocolo de préstamos
Cream Finance
Lending protocol affected by multiple exploits.
Plataforma de intercambio
Cryptopia
New Zealand exchange placed into liquidation after a 2019 theft.
Protocolo de intercambio
Curve Finance
Stable-asset exchange protocol affected in 2023 through vulnerable Vyper contracts.
D
Persona
Dan Larimer
Developer associated with BitShares, Steem and EOS.
Persona
David Chaum
Cryptographer whose electronic-cash work predates Bitcoin and remains part of digital-money history.
Persona
DJ Khaled
Promoter named in the SEC's 2018 ICO-promotion settlement.
Persona
Do Kwon
Terraform Labs co-founder. The Terra article distinguishes the peg's collapse, the civil case and his December 2025 criminal sentence.
Red
Dogecoin
Proof-of-work network created from Litecoin-derived code and later merge-mined with Litecoin.
Persona
Donald Trump
Namesake of the TRUMP token and central figure in the political-crypto projects discussed here. Ownership, fees and conflicts are examined separately from claims of illegality.
Protocolo de trading
dYdX
Derivatives protocol relevant to perpetual funding, oracle design and liquidation.
E
Protocolo de restaking
EigenLayer
Ethereum restaking system that can create correlated slashing and dependency risk.
Propuesta de Ethereum
EIP-1559
Ethereum fee-market change introducing a base fee and separate priority fee.
Propuesta de Ethereum
EIP-7702
Delegation mechanism allowing an externally owned account to execute code under defined conditions.
Persona
Eli Ben-Sasson
StarkWare co-founder and researcher in scalable proof systems.
Empresa de análisis
Elliptic
Blockchain analytics company producing investigations and typology research.
Persona
Emin Gün Sirer
Avalanche co-founder and computer-science researcher.
Estándar de tokens
ERC-1155
Multi-token interface supporting fungible and non-fungible assets in one contract.
Estándar de tokens
ERC-20
Fungible-token interface whose allowances and non-standard return behaviour require care.
Estándar de cuentas
ERC-4337
Account-abstraction standard using user operations, bundlers and entry-point validation.
Estándar de tokens
ERC-721
NFT interface defining ownership and transfers while leaving metadata storage choices open.
Persona
Ethan Buchman
Cosmos co-founder and contributor to Tendermint and interchain standards.
Red
Ethereum
A programmable settlement network. Its history includes Frontier, the DAO fork, the Merge and data-availability upgrades.
Entorno de ejecución
Ethereum Virtual Machine
Execution model used by Ethereum and several compatible chains. Compatibility does not create shared state or security.
Proyecto de token
EthereumMax
Token promoted by celebrities and covered by US disclosure enforcement.
Explorador de bloques
Etherscan
Ethereum explorer used to inspect transactions, code, logs and token approvals.
Protocolo de préstamos
Euler Finance
Lending protocol affected by a 2023 donation-to-reserves exploit path.
Organismo regulador
European Banking Authority
EU banking authority with responsibilities under the crypto-asset regulatory framework.
Organismo regulador
European Securities and Markets Authority
EU markets authority involved in implementing and supervising crypto-asset rules.
Cooperación policial y judicial
Europol
EU agency coordinating cross-border criminal intelligence, including online investment fraud.
F
Autoridad policial o judicial
Federal Bureau of Investigation
US agency publishing crypto-fraud guidance and cyber-threat attribution.
Autoridad de protección del consumidor
Federal Trade Commission
US consumer-protection agency publishing warnings about investment, impersonation and payment scams.
Organismo de normalización
Financial Action Task Force
Intergovernmental body setting global anti-money-laundering standards, including virtual-asset guidance.
Organismo regulador
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
US financial-intelligence bureau administering anti-money-laundering requirements.
Organismo de normalización
Financial Stability Board
International body coordinating financial-stability policy, including crypto-asset frameworks.
Investigación e infraestructura
Flashbots
Ethereum research and infrastructure organisation associated with MEV markets and block building.
Persona
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Promoter named in the SEC's 2018 ICO-promotion settlement.
Esquema de inversión
Forsage
Smart-contract programme charged by the SEC as a crypto pyramid and Ponzi scheme.
Organización
FTX
Crypto exchange whose collapse exposed the misuse of customer funds. Estate distributions are a separate question from ownership of the original deposited assets.
G
Persona
Gary Wang
FTX co-founder and cooperating witness whose testimony concerned exchange code and Alameda privileges.
Persona
Gavin Wood
Ethereum co-founder and author of the Ethereum Yellow Paper; later a Polkadot founder.
Organización
Gemini
Customer-facing platform in the Earn lending arrangement. The linked article distinguishes the platform, agent and borrower roles.
Organización
Genesis
Borrower in the Gemini Earn arrangement described in the SEC's January 2023 complaint.
Persona
Gerald Cotten
QuadrigaCX co-founder whose death exposed the exchange’s missing custody and accounting records.
Plataforma de código
GitHub
Code hosting platform used for source and release distribution. Repository ownership and release signing still need verification.
H
Persona
Hal Finney
Cryptographer who received the first recorded Bitcoin transfer from Satoshi Nakamoto.
Puente
Harmony Horizon
Harmony bridge affected by compromised signing keys in 2022.
Persona
Hayden Adams
Creator of Uniswap. The historical article explains the exchange's launch and the economic role of liquidity pools.
Esquema de inversión
HyperFund
Online investment programme later presented under several names, including HyperVerse.
I
Esquema de inversión
IcomTech
Crypto mining and trading programme prosecuted as a fraud scheme.
Persona
Illia Polosukhin
NEAR co-founder. The directory records protocol authorship without implying that a founder controls every application.
Persona
Ilya Lichtenstein
Bitfinex hacker sentenced in November 2024 for conspiracy to launder the stolen assets.
Plataforma de seguridad
Immunefi
Bug-bounty platform focused on Web3 vulnerabilities and coordinated disclosure.
Organismo de normalización
Internet Engineering Task Force
Open standards organisation behind many protocols used by wallets, browsers and networks.
Cooperación policial y judicial
Interpol
International police organisation coordinating notices and cross-border investigations.
Protocolo de almacenamiento
IPFS
Content-addressed storage network often referenced by NFT metadata. Availability still depends on retention.
J
Persona
Jae Kwon
Cosmos co-founder associated with Tendermint consensus and interchain architecture.
Persona
Jed McCaleb
Co-founder of Ripple and Stellar and an early Mt. Gox creator before its later ownership.
Persona
Jesse Powell
Kraken co-founder. The directory records exchange history without treating any venue as a substitute for custody analysis.
Protocolo de trading
Jupiter
Solana routing and trading infrastructure. Quotes depend on routes, liquidity and transaction construction.
Persona
Justin Sun
Figure named in the SEC's March 2023 TRX and BTT case. The article distinguishes the complaint's allegations from separate celebrity settlements.
K
Persona
Karl Sebastian Greenwood
OneCoin co-founder. The article covers the scheme and his 2023 criminal sentence.
Persona
Kim Kardashian
Promoter named in the SEC's EthereumMax settlement over an undisclosed payment. The settlement concerns the promotional disclosure.
Red
Kusama
Polkadot-related canary network with its own governance and economic state.
Protocolo de intercambio
KyberSwap
Decentralised exchange affected by a concentrated-liquidity exploit.
Persona
Kyle Davies
Three Arrows Capital co-founder. The linked file separates fund exposure from later creditor recovery.
L
Persona
Laszlo Hanyecz
Participant in the 2010 purchase remembered as Bitcoin Pizza Day.
Identificador de un actor de amenazas
Lazarus Group
Attribution label used by US authorities for North Korean cyber operations, including major crypto thefts.
Fabricante de wallets físicas
Ledger
Hardware-wallet vendor relevant to supply-chain, firmware and recovery threat models.
Protocolo de staking
Lido
Liquid-staking protocol issuing receipts against staked assets.
Red de pagos
Lightning Network
Bitcoin payment-channel network whose routing and liquidity differ from base-layer settlement.
Red
Litecoin
Bitcoin-derived proof-of-work network with different timing and hashing choices.
M
DAO y protocolo
MakerDAO
DAO and lending system behind overcollateralised stablecoin debt.
Protocolo de trading
Mango Markets
Solana trading venue affected by oracle and collateral manipulation.
Persona
Mark Karpelès
Former Mt. Gox chief executive, central to the exchange history and its long insolvency process.
Investigación
MASTR
Original investigations, workbooks and source notes in this collection. Start with the evidence index or the LAPTOP transaction reconciliations.
Software de wallet
MetaMask
Browser and mobile wallet. A familiar interface does not remove signature and approval risk.
Protocolo DeFi
Meteora
Solana liquidity protocol. Pool structure, authority and executable depth should be verified at contract level.
Organización
MGX
Investment firm discussed in the Binance transaction and USD1 payment arrangement. The linked article examines the associated conflict-of-interest questions.
Persona
Michael Saylor
MicroStrategy co-founder associated with a corporate Bitcoin treasury strategy.
Esquema de inversión
Mining Capital Coin
Mining and investment programme charged by US authorities as fraud.
Red
Monero
Privacy-focused network using ring signatures, stealth addresses and confidential amounts.
Organización
Mt. Gox
Failed Bitcoin exchange whose customer recovery process illustrates the long duration of custodial losses.
Puente
Multichain
Cross-chain service whose 2023 collapse exposed concentrated operational control.
N
Organismo de normalización
National Institute of Standards and Technology
US standards institution whose security guidance informs authentication and key-management practice.
Red
NEAR
Proof-of-stake smart-contract network using sharded execution.
Persona
Nick Szabo
Author of the bit gold proposal and early writing on smart contracts.
Persona
Nishad Singh
Former FTX engineering director and cooperating witness in the FTX case.
Puente
Nomad
Cross-chain bridge whose 2022 incident followed acceptance of an invalid trusted root.
O
Autoridad de sanciones
Office of Foreign Assets Control
US Treasury office administering sanctions, including actions involving crypto addresses and services.
Esquema de inversión
OneCoin
Global scheme marketed as cryptocurrency without the promised public blockchain.
Mercado de NFT
OpenSea
NFT marketplace used here to distinguish marketplace listings from token identity and metadata persistence.
Empresa de seguridad
OpenZeppelin
Smart-contract security company and library maintainer. Libraries reduce repeated mistakes but do not prove system safety.
Red
Optimism
Ethereum scaling technology whose fault proofs, upgrade powers and withdrawal rules require separate checks.
P
Software de wallet
Phantom
Solana wallet interface. Users still need to inspect programmes, token accounts and requested authority.
Esquema de inversión
PlusToken
Investment scheme that promised wallet and return benefits while collecting large crypto deposits.
Red
Polkadot
Multichain network using shared relay-chain security for connected parachains.
Puente
Poly Network
Cross-chain protocol affected by a 2021 exploit involving message and privilege handling.
Red
Polygon PoS
A network whose checkpoints are only part of its security model.
Q
Plataforma de intercambio
QuadrigaCX
Canadian exchange whose insolvency exposed severe custody and record failures.
R
Persona
Raj Gokal
Solana co-founder and ecosystem executive.
Protocolo de intercambio
Raydium
Solana exchange and liquidity protocol. Pool identity and token mint addresses must be verified.
Persona
Robert Leshner
Compound founder. Compound appears in the history of token-incentivised lending.
Red de puentes
Ronin Network
Gaming-linked network whose bridge validators were compromised in 2022.
Persona
Ross Ulbricht
Founder of the Silk Road marketplace, a major event in Bitcoin’s early public history.
Persona
Ruja Ignatova
OneCoin co-founder promoted as the public face of a system that lacked the promised public blockchain.
Persona
Rune Christensen
MakerDAO co-founder. The related file explains overcollateralised stablecoin debt.
Lenguaje de programación
Rust
Systems language widely used in Solana and other blockchain software. Language safety does not replace authority analysis.
Persona
Ryan Salame
Former FTX Digital Markets executive whose case is separate from the technical account privileges examined here.
S
Protocolo
Safe
Smart-account infrastructure supporting threshold-based ownership and optional extensions. Modules can create additional execution routes.
Proyecto de token
SafeMoon
Token project examined through US criminal allegations concerning liquidity-pool assets.
Persona
Sam Bankman-Fried
FTX founder. The FTX article covers his criminal conviction, the March 2024 sentence and the use of customer funds.
Persona
Samuel Reed
BitMEX co-founder named in the exchange’s Bank Secrecy Act proceedings.
Persona
Satish Kumbhani
BitConnect founder named in the US indictment. The article describes the allegations as allegations, not a conviction.
Persona
Satoshi Nakamoto
Pseudonymous author of the Bitcoin white paper. The name identifies the published authorship, not a verified civil identity.
Persona
Sergey Nazarov
Chainlink co-founder. Oracle security depends on feed design and downstream validation.
Persona
Sergio Demian Lerner
Security researcher known for early Bitcoin mining analysis. Attribution hypotheses remain distinct from verified identity.
Organización
Silicon Valley Bank
Bank whose March 2023 failure affected confidence in USDC's access to part of its reserve cash.
Red
Solana
A network with account-based programmes and distinct token authorities. Asset identity and account control require more than a ticker.
Lenguaje de programación
Solidity
Dominant EVM smart-contract language. Compiler version, storage layout and call behaviour affect risk.
Explorador de bloques
Solscan
Solana explorer used to inspect accounts, instructions and token authorities.
Programa de tokens
SPL Token
Original Solana token programme governing mints, accounts and authorities.
Persona
Stani Kulechov
Aave founder. The linked material focuses on collateral, health factors and liquidation.
Red
Stellar
Payment-focused ledger supporting native and issued assets.
Persona
Stephen Ehrlich
Former Voyager Digital chief executive. The linked file explains the broker, lender and customer relationship.
Persona
Su Zhu
Three Arrows Capital co-founder. The linked file concerns the fund’s leverage and creditor collapse.
Red
Sui
A network with an object-based model for assets and ownership.
T
Organización
Terraform Labs
Company behind Terra and UST. The linked case covers both system mechanics and findings concerning its representations.
Organización
Tether
Stablecoin issuer examined through the CFTC's historical reserve-representation findings. Those findings do not establish today's reserve position.
DAO
The DAO
2016 Ethereum investment vehicle whose exploit led to a disputed chain fork.
Fondo
Three Arrows Capital
Crypto hedge fund whose 2022 collapse transmitted losses to lenders and brokers.
Programa de tokens
Token-2022
Extended Solana token programme supporting additional controls and transfer behaviour.
Protocolo de software
Tornado Cash
Privacy software and sanctions case that raises distinct questions about code, services and operator conduct.
Empresa de seguridad
Trail of Bits
Security research and engineering company whose work includes smart contracts and cryptography.
Fabricante de wallets físicas
Trezor
Hardware-wallet vendor relevant to device authenticity, firmware and seed handling.
Empresa de análisis
TRM Labs
Blockchain intelligence company producing risk and attribution research.
Red
TRON
A network whose resource model and token controls matter when assessing transfers and stablecoin exposure.
Persona
Tyler Winklevoss
Gemini co-founder. The Earn file separates platform branding from the underlying lending chain.
U
Protocolo
Uniswap
An automated exchange protocol family. The wiki separates its launch, constant-product pool arithmetic and liquidity-provider returns.
Organismo regulador
US Commodity Futures Trading Commission
US derivatives regulator with digital-asset enforcement and market-integrity responsibilities.
Autoridad policial o judicial
US Department of Justice
US department responsible for federal criminal prosecutions cited across exchange, fraud and laundering cases.
Organismo regulador
US Securities and Exchange Commission
US markets regulator whose complaints, orders and settlements are primary records for several cases in the wiki.
V
Persona
Vitalik Buterin
Ethereum co-founder and author whose work shaped programmable blockchain design.
Bróker y prestamista
Voyager Digital
Crypto broker and lender whose failure exposed customer assets to borrower and bankruptcy risk.
Lenguaje de programación
Vyper
Smart-contract language whose compiler vulnerabilities were involved in the 2023 Curve incident.
W
Protocolo de conexión
WalletConnect
Wallet connection protocol whose sessions can be abused by hostile interfaces.
Persona
Wei Dai
Author of the b-money proposal cited in Bitcoin’s design history.
Organización
World Liberty Financial
Crypto project connected to the USD1 discussion. The research follows the stated relationships and transaction structure.
Organismo de normalización
World Wide Web Consortium
Web standards organisation. Browser security boundaries remain relevant to every crypto frontend.
Puente
Wormhole
Cross-chain messaging system affected by a 2022 verification failure.
X
Red
XRP Ledger
A ledger supporting XRP and issued assets. Issuer-specific rights and controls remain relevant for issued tokens.
Y
Protocolo de rendimiento
Yearn Finance
DeFi yield system associated with vault strategies. Strategy dependencies determine where returns and losses arise.
Z
Red
Zcash
Network supporting shielded transfers through zero-knowledge proofs.